GENERATOR PROTECTION

GENERATOR PROTECTION

CLASSIFICATION
A. PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRICAL
FAULTS
I. INTERNAL FAULTS
Short Circuit, Earth Fault, Interturn Faults, Rotor
Earth Fault, Unit Protections such as Differential,
REF, Interturn Fault Protections, Rotor Earth Fault
Protection.
II. EXTERNAL UNCLEARED FAULTS

Short Circuit, Earth Fault- Backup Protections such

as Voltage Restrained / Controlled Overcurrent,
Stand By Earth Fault, Impedance Relays.
B. PROTECTIONS AGAINST ABNORMAL
CONDITIONS___________________________

 Unbalanced Loading.
 Field Failure
 Pole Slipping

 Prime Mover Failure

 Under/Over Frequency Operation.
 Over Fluxing (Of GT)
 Over Load.

 Over Voltage.
INFLUENCING FACTORS
 Type of connection / neutral earthing.

 Type of excitation system

(conventional / static)

 Type of prime mover (Hydro / Steam

/ Gas Turbine, DG)
 Mode of operation (isolated /
parallel)
 Type of stator winding (single/split)
 Size/criticality of machine.
Small rated generators are solidly earthed.
I. SOLID EARTHING –
GENERATOR EARTHING:

Generator rating:
= 5.1875MVA, 4.15MW
X1=35%, X2=25%, X0=10%
Earthfault MVA = 3x Base MVA x 100
X1+ X2+ X0
= 3 x 5.1875 x 100 = 2.23MVA
35+25+10
Earthfault current = 22.23 x 103=1945A.
3 x 6.6