Philosophy and its Branches

Presented by Johar Nawaz

M. Phil (Political Science)2019-21
Course: Modern Philosophy
Qurtuba University
Dera Ismail Khan.
What is Philosophy?

• Quite literally, the term "philosophy" means,

"love of wisdom.“
• philosophy is an activity people undertake when
they seek to understand fundamental truths
about themselves, the world in which they live,
As a academic discipline
• Philosophy is perpetually engaged in asking,
answering, and arguing for their answers to life
most basic questions. To make such a pursuit
more systematic academic philosophy is
traditionally divided into major areas of study.
Branches of Philosophy
1.Metaphysics

• At its core the study of metaphysics is the study of the

nature of reality, of what exists in the world, what it is
like, and how it is ordered. In metaphysics philosophers
wrestle with such questions as:
• Is there a God?
• What is truth?
• Is the world strictly composed of matter?
• Do people have minds? If so, how is the mind related to
the body?
• Do people have free wills?
• What is it for one event to cause another?
2.Epistemology -
• The branch of philosophy concerned with the
nature and scope (including limitations) of
knowledge. It addresses four main questions. 1)
What is knowledge? 2) How is knowledge
acquired? 3) What do people know? 4) Can we
be justified in claiming to know certain things?
3.Logic
• It is the study of reasoning. Logic is often
divided into two parts, inductive reasoning and
deductive reasoning. The first is drawing general
conclusions from specific examples, the second
is drawing logical conclusions from definitions
and axioms.
4.Ethics
• It is also known as moral philosophy, is a
branch of philosophy which seeks to address
questions about morality; that is, about concepts
like good and bad, right and wrong, justice,
virtue, etc.
5.Aesthetics
• It is the branch of philosophy dealing with the
nature of beauty, art, taste, and the creation and
appreciation of beauty. It is more scientifically
defined as the study of sensory or sensori-
emotional values, sometimes called judgments
of sentiment and taste
6.Political Philosophy
• It is the study of concepts such as liberty, justice,
property, rights, law, and the enforcement of a
legal code by authority: what they are, why (or
even if) they are needed, what makes a
government legitimate, what rights and
freedoms it should protect and why, what form it
should take and why, what the law is, and what
duties citizens owe to a legitimate government,
•Thank you