Physical Self

PHYSICAL SELF
GROUP 1
U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E S E L F
BY MIKOKIT -[ F I L ]- SLIDE 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Identify and reflect on the
different forces and institutions
At the that impact the development of
end the physical
Explain self. of culture on
the impact
body image and self-esteem.
of the Discuss the role of media on the
lesso adolescents’ understanding of beauty
and self-esteem and its influence on
n, the their body image
Examine one’s selfsatisfaction.
against the
stude different concepts and aspects of
nts the physical self.
Examine one’s self against the
shoul different concepts and aspects of
the physical self.
d be Propose measures to enhance the
adolescents’ “body image
able
BY MIKOKIT
satisfaction”.
-[ F I L ]- SLIDE 2
MOTIVATIONA
L ACTIVIT Y
Beautiful or Not
Beautiful or Not
Beautiful or Not
Beautiful or Not
Beautiful or Not
Beautiful or Not
Beautiful or Not
BY MIKOKIT -[ F I L ]- S L I D E 10
Beautiful or Not
Zozibini Tunzi
TUNG VIDEO
TA , DI KO MA
BUTANG KAH
1GB GID
THE SELF AS
IMPACTED BY
THE BODY
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
THE SELF AS IMPACTED BY THE

BODY
Physical Self is an
important component in
the study of the person’s
self and identity.
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-

BODY
According to Physical Self is

William James, the concrete or
“The self is the tangible aspect or
sum total of all dimension of the
that man can call person which is
his, which primarily
includes his body, observed and
family and examined through
reputation, also the body.
his clothes and his
F I L ]-
house..”
BY MIKOKIT -[ S L I D E 16
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-

BODY
1. William James – states

that the body is the initial
source of sensation and
necessary for the origin and
maintenance of personality.
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-

BODY
2. Erik Erickson – states that

experience is anchored in
the ground-plan of the
body.
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-

BODY
3. Sigmund Freud – states

that the physical body is
the core of human
experiences.
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-

BODY
4. Maurice Marleau-Ponty –
states that the body will be
at the center of human
existence.
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-

BODY
5. Ulrich Beck and Anthony

Giddens – states that the
body is the only fix-point
of “self-identity”.
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-

BODY
According to Physical Self is

William James, the concrete or
“The self is the tangible aspect or
sum total of all dimension of the
that man can call person which is
his, which primarily
includes his body, observed and
family and examined through
reputation, also the body.
his clothes and his
F I L ]-
house..”
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-

BODY
Physical Self is an
important component in
the study of the person’s
self and identity.
Body
is the way through
which we make sense
of the world and our
environment.
From the late 1970’s to
1980’s, Humanities and
Sociology developed a
new and broader
interest in the body.
Body Culture –
describe and compare
bodily practice in the
larger context of
culture and society.
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-

BODY
One of the visible and deeper

changes in relation to the
modern body concerns the
dress reform and the
appearance of the naked
body.
THE IMPACT OF
CULTURE ON BODY
IMAGE AND SELF-
ESTEEM: THE
IMPORTANCE OF
BEAUTY
• Standards of beauty and
appearance are the product
of a diverse mix of cultural
and historical influences.
• Norms of beauty and
appearance are tied to ideals
of appearance and hard
work.
• Physical appearance
BY MIKOKIT -[ F I L
]-
is dealt
S L I D E 27
• Some people have good fortune to
possess features of that adhere to
standardized ideals of beauty. However,
many individuals are dissatisfied with their
physical attributes that they seek to alter
them through surgical means.
• Plastic Surgery remains most popular
among women, maintaining beautiful
bodies through plastic surgery
procedures. Since females in particular
receive a massive amount of societal
pressure to conform
BY MIKOKIT -[
to conventional
F I L ]- S L I D E 28
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
THE IMPORTANCE OF BEAUTY

IDEAL WOMEN MEN
EYES Almond-shaped, brown eyes Oval-shaped, blue eyes
Medium-thick eyebrows,
EYEBROWS Arched-shaped
straight with curve ends
Slim, mid-length straight

NOSE Slim, small nose
nose
LIPS Full Lips Average lips
JAWLINE Regular, Smooth Jawline Square jawline
FACE SHAPE Heart-shaped face, Oval-shaped face
HAIR Brunette Hair Brunette Hair
SYMMETRY Near Perfect facial Symmetry Near Perfect facial Symmetry

• Sukhanova and Thomashoff in “Body
Image and Identity in Contemporary
Societies”, bring together
contributions from different fields of
academe to explore representations
of the body in literature and the arts
across different times of cultures.
• They also gave an analysis of the
social construction of the “ideal
body” in terms of beauty, gender,
sexuality, race, ethnicity,
BY MIKOKIT -[ F I L
]-
class and
S L I D E 30
Body image – refers to the person’s
perception of the level of
attractiveness of his/her body. It
can be somebody’s impression of
how his or her body looks.
Body Image can be seen as both
internal (personal) and external
(social).
Along with the concept of body
image is the concept
BY MIKOKIT -[ F I L
]-
of beauty.
S L I D E 31
Beauty has two types:
 Inner beauty – refers to the

inner qualities of the person.
 External beauty – refers to
the physical characteristics of
the person.
MALE AND FEMALE IDEAL BODY
PICTURE NALANG
DIRITSO
•We are in culture in
which beauty is
judged by numbers.
•We even perceive
proportional bodies to
be healthier.
The presence of aesthetically based
cultural goods and their ever-
increasing influence in modern society
poses a new conceptual opportunity to
Sociology.
Aesthetic capital – refers to the
privileges and wealth people receive
from aesthetic traits, such as their face,
hair, body, clothes, grooming habits
and other markers
BY MIKOKIT -[ F I L of beauty.
]- S L I D E 35
For Samantha Lovascio, visually
appealing traits greatly impact our
lives, in matters of modest
importance (friend selection) to
great importance (getting a job and
career mobility)
As of today, body image and
aesthetic capital is increasingly
preoccupation, especially of young
F I L
people as it gradually becomes the
BY MIKOKIT -[ ]- S L I D E 36
THE ROLE OF
CULTURE IN OUR
UNDERSTANDING
OF “BODY IMAGE”
AND “SELF-ESTEEM”
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
THE ROLE OF CULTURE IN OUR
UNDERSTANDING OF “BODY IMAGE”
Culture
Is commonly defined as the
shared patterns of thoughts,
beliefs, behaviors, and habits in
both material and symbolic
realms.
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
Harry Triandis
Culture includes language, technology,
economic, political and educational
systems, religious and aesthetic patterns,
social structures and so on. It is widely
recognized by social scientists that the
self is shaped, in part, through
interaction with groups.
Consideration of body as a subject for
F I L ]-
study has increased in recent years.
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
Kenny and Nichols
Explain that this is done with new
technologies, forms of modification,
debates about obesity and issues of age
being brought into focus by the media.
The body is enthralled to cultural
regimes, telling us how we should look –
especially how we should dress and what
our bodies’ weight (fat levels) should be.”
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
Margo de Mello (2014)
All cultures everywhere have attempted to
change their body in an attempt to meet their
cultural standards of beauty, as well as their
religious and/or social obligations.
Furthermore, in her book “Shameful Bodies:
Religion and the Culture of Physical
Improvement”, she examines how traditional
religious narratives and modern philosophical
assumptions come together in the
construction and- [pursuit
BY MIKOKIT F I Lof ]a
- better body in
S L I D E 41
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
Audrey Tramel (2013)
Mentions that the predominance of “pop
culture” in today’s society definite has
some effects such as the way teenagers
think of themselves, how they associate
with others, and how the express
characteristics of their maturation.
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
Audrey Tramel (2013)
Mentions that the predominance of “pop
culture” in today’s society definite has
some effects such as the way teenagers
think of themselves, how they associate
with others, and how the express
characteristics of their maturation.
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
Pop Culture or Popular Culture
From a common understanding is a
culture widely accepted and patronized
by the public as in pop music which is
very appealing to the youth.
Pop culture influences how teens define
themselves. Indeed, an important
characteristics of every teenager’s
maturation id his/her self-definition.
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
Self-definition
refers to the way a person sees
himself. For teens, that image is
influenced to a large extent by
personal choices, which are, in
turn, influenced by the images
and association teens glean from
pop culture on a daily basis.
BY MIKOKIT F I L
-[ ]- S L I D E 45
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
Pop culture can provide benchmarks

which become teenagers’ basis of
their self-definition. In this way, they
see themselves adopting certain
characteristics from their various
celebrities and other models they
see in pop culture.
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
Self-definition
can be intrinsically tied into self-
esteem and confidence, two critical
components of a healthy disposition
throughout maturation and into
adulthood.
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
In our hyper-mediated society, we are
constantly beset with media images,
especially advertisements representing
appropriate bodies or skin, so that we
internalize these ideals and either
attempt to conform to them or resist
them. The media creates ideals, in the
form of celebrities and models, for men
and women to admire.
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
Featherstone (1991)
“Human beauty can cause a great deal of pain,
especially from the perspective of those who
may not “measure up’ to the standards of
beauty. The closer the appearance of the body
resembling the prevailing prototypes
standardized by the culture, the higher the
‘exchange value’ for the individual “
These standards of beauty have a direct impact
on people’s lives and the ways they respond to
BY MIKOKIT those
-[ F norms.
I L ]- S L I D E 49
THE INFLUENCE OF
MEDIA ON THE
ADOLESCENT’S
UNDERSTANDING OF
BEAUTY
According to GENESIS M. JAVELLANA, 2014
• Media- plays a large role in how
teenagers view themselves by shaping
images of what teenagers are supposed
to be or do.
• Internet- the most frequently used media
with the respondents using it often.
• Magazines- the strongest negative
relationship with the weight of the
respondents; and, proposed that
measures such as media awareness
seminars and screening and
F I L ]-
balancing of
commercials and advertisements on
• Teenagers imagine themselves being the
actor/actress in a movie they have watched.
They copy an actor’s/actress’ clothes, hairstyle,
and/or lines in the movie because it would
make them cool or feel good.
• They spend more than nine hours in a week
online, searching tips, advice and/or procedures
from the internet that would improve their
outward appearance.
• They edit their solo pictures to make them look
better before posting them online.
• Teenagers follow a lot of beauty, fashion and/or
fitness advice that they read from magazines.
F I L ]-
They also feel unhappy
BY MIKOKIT -[
about their weight after
S L I D E 52
Impact of Media on the Self-esteem of
the Adolescent
Evidence from different types of studies in the
fields of eating disorders, media psychology,
health psychology, and mass communication
indicated that mass media are an extremely
important source of information and
reinforcement in relation to the nature of the thin
beauty ideal, its importance, and how to attain it.
Evidence is accumulating that repeated exposure
to media and to both direct and indirect (via
media’s effect on peers) pressures from media to
be thin constitute risk factors for body
dissatisfaction, concerns over weight and
disordered eating behaviors in adolescent girls
and young women.
DAVIS AND FURNHAM
They found out that the average teenager is
sensitive to, and critical of, his/her physical self.
Constant exposure to cultural standards of beauty
in evaluating own body image may produce non-
normative shift in the form of dieting practices
which may lead to eating disorders as a result of
body image dissatisfaction and the feeling of
discrepancy between actual and ideal body image.
STICE AND WITHENTON, 2002
They have found that body image
dissatisfaction to be a strong predictor of
depression, exercise dependence, eating
disorders and steroid use among young
people in the US.
Simmons and Blyth’s “Cultural Ideal Hypothesis”
indicate that puberty brings boys closer to their
ideal body while girls shift further from theirs. A
cultural ideal is that male bodies be big and
strong while ideal female bodies in Western (and
Asian) culture is slim.
The Cultural Ideal Hypothesis predicts that, since
the cultural ideal for the female body is being
slim, adolescent girls should more likely to express
body dissatisfaction and resort to dieting.
CAUFMANN AND STEINBERG
They said that girls in Western cultures are
more concerned about appearance and
express more worry and concern about how
other people respond to them than in other
cultures.
CROLL
• Body image is the dynamic perception of one’s
body- how it looks, feels, and moves.
• Puberty for boys bring characteristics typically
admired by society- height, speed, broadness,
and strength. For girls, often perceived as less
desirable; girls generally get rounder and have
increased body fat. The changes can serve to
further dissatisfaction among girls going
through puberty.
• Certainly, the exposure to the thin-ideal media
image on women posed a great impact on
their self-esteem.
-[
It increased body
F I L ]-
dissatisfaction, negative mood states, and
BY MIKOKIT S L I D E 60
HAWKINS, ET.AL. 2010
• Exposure to thin-ideal media images may
contribute to the development of eating
disorders by causing body dissatisfaction,
negative moods, low-self-esteem, and eating
disorders symptoms among women.
• Miller also speaks of the disturbing problem of
very young girls dieting and having negative
thoughts about their body.
Self-Esteem and its Significance
KENDRA CHERRY
Self-esteem - refers to as self-worth or self-
respect. Too little self-esteem can leave people
feeling defeated or depressed. Too much self-
esteem, however, as exhibited in narcissistic
personality disorder, can certainly be irritating to
others and can even damage personal
relationships.
The concept of Self-Esteem
• Self-Esteem levels at the extreme high and low
ends of the spectrum can be harmful, so
ideally, it’s best to strike balance somewhere in
the middle.
• In Psychology, the term self-esteem is used to
describe a person’s overall sense of self-worth
or personal value. In other words, it is how
much you appreciate and like yourself. Self-
esteem is often seen as a personality trait
which tends to be stable and enduring.
• Self-esteem can involve a variety of beliefs
about yourself, such as the appraisal of your
own appearance, beliefs, emotions, and
behaviors.
• Maslow – he suggested that people need both
esteem from other people as well as inner self-
respect. Both of these needs must be fulfilled in
order for an individual to grow as a person and
achieve self-actualization. Self-esteem is
considered as one of the basic human
motivations.
• Too much self-love results in irritating sense of
entitlement in an inability
BY MIKOKIT -[ F I Lto ]learn
- from failures.
S L I D E 66
• Self-esteem can involve a variety of beliefs
about yourself, such as the appraisal of your
own appearance, beliefs, emotions, and
behaviors.
• Maslow – he suggested that people need both
esteem from other people as well as inner self-
respect. Both of these needs must be fulfilled in
order for an individual to grow as a person and
achieve self-actualization. Self-esteem is
considered as one of the basic human
motivations.
• Too much self-love results in irritating sense of
entitlement in an inability
BY MIKOKIT -[ F I Lto ]learn
- from failures.
S L I D E 67
DEVELOPING SELF
ESTEEM
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
DEVELOPING SELF ESTEEM
You need to develop a positive body

image which involves:
a. Understanding that healthy, attractive
bodies come in many shapes and
sizes;
b. Physical appearance says very little
about are character or value as a
person;
c. How we get to this point of
acceptance often
BY MIKOKIT -[
depends on our
F I L ]- S L I D E 69
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
To get to that all important point of balance, there are few

steps we can take:
a. Talk back to the media and speak our dissatisfaction

with the focus on appearance;
b. De-emphasize numbers as pounds, kilograms or
inches, feet and meters on the scale; they don’t tell us
anything meaningful about the body as a whole or our
health;
c. Stop comparing ourselves with others and remember
that each one is unique;
d. We need to appreciate and enjoy our bodies in our
uniqueness of what - we
BY MIKOKIT [ Fhave;
I L ]- S L I D E 70
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
e. Spend time with people who have a healthy

relationship with food, activity and their bodies;
f. Question the degree to which the self-esteem
depends on our appearance because basing our
happiness on how we look is likely to lead us to
failure and frustration, and may therefore prevent us
from finding true happiness;
g. Broaden our perspective about health and beauty by
reading about the body image cultural variances, or
media influence.
h. Recognize that size prejudice is form of
B Y M I Kdiscrimination,
OKIT as shape
-[ F and
I L size
] - are not indicators
S L I D Eof
71
-[ PHYSICAL SELF ]-
i. Approach health and well-being from a

firm and socially engaging and put
importance on a healthy lifestyle
engaging perspective and put importance
on a healthy lifestyle and;
j. Keep in mind that the body, in whatever
shape or size is good and sacred, having
been created in the image and likeness of
God. Such body- [ deserves
F I L ]-
love and
respect.
BY MIKOKIT S L I D E 72
-[ Physical self ]-

Physical Self

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PHYSICAL SELF

THE SELF AS IMPACTED BY THE

THE SELF AS IMPACTED BY THE

According to Physical Self is

THE SELF AS IMPACTED BY THE

1. William James – states

THE SELF AS IMPACTED BY THE

2. Erik Erickson – states that

THE SELF AS IMPACTED BY THE

3. Sigmund Freud – states

THE SELF AS IMPACTED BY THE

THE SELF AS IMPACTED BY THE

5. Ulrich Beck and Anthony

THE SELF AS IMPACTED BY THE

According to Physical Self is

THE SELF AS IMPACTED BY THE

THE SELF AS IMPACTED BY THE

One of the visible and deeper

THE IMPORTANCE OF BEAUTY

EYES Almond-shaped, brown eyes Oval-shaped, blue eyes

Slim, mid-length straight

JAWLINE Regular, Smooth Jawline Square jawline

FACE SHAPE Heart-shaped face, Oval-shaped face

HAIR Brunette Hair Brunette Hair

SYMMETRY Near Perfect facial Symmetry Near Perfect facial Symmetry

 Inner beauty – refers to the

Pop culture can provide benchmarks

DEVELOPING SELF ESTEEM

You need to develop a positive body

DEVELOPING SELF ESTEEM

To get to that all important point of balance, there are few

a. Talk back to the media and speak our dissatisfaction

DEVELOPING SELF ESTEEM

e. Spend time with people who have a healthy

DEVELOPING SELF ESTEEM

i. Approach health and well-being from a

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