Monitoring Land use/cover Change using Remote Sensing

and GIS Techniques: A Case Study of Damodar Catchment,

Jharkhand, India
Presented by

Dr. Sanjeet Kumar

Associate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering

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 Introduction

 Natural resources degrading day by day because of human

activities

 Land Use and Lad Cover

 Causes and Consequences of LULC change

 Biodiversity loss
 Climate change
 Pollution
 Others impacts

 The reliable information on spatial distribution of LULC over

time is needed for simulating its effect on the hydrological
processes
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 Study area – Damodar catchment

 Geographical Area = 10878 km2  Agricultural activities

 Rainfall = ~1340 mm  Forest resources Data requirement
 Elevation = 122 to 1340 m MSL  Reservoirs  Satellite remote sensing
 Mining area data Landsat MSS, TM,
 Daily temperature ranges
 Industrial belt ETM+,
from a minimum of 3 °C to a
maximum of 44 °C  Erdas and Arc GIS
Software
 Ground Survey
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 Research objectives

To quantifying the historical-fractional changes on

land cover extent through remote sensing and GIS,
Damodar Catchment, Jharkhand, India

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 Data requirement
Data requirement Pixel
No. of Date of
size
 Satellite remote Satellite Sensor
band
Band Row/path
pass
sensing data (m)
Landsat MSS, 150/43 07.11.1972
TM, ETM+, B2
150/44 07.11.1972
Landsat4 MSS 4 B3 60
151/43 19.01.1973
 Erdas and Arc B4
GIS Software 151/44 08.12.1975
141/44 12.10.1989
B2 141/43 21.10.1989
 Ground Survey
Landsat5 TM 7 B3 30 140/43 01.11.1992
B4 140/44 01.11.1992
139/44 21.11.1990
141/44 22.11.2000
B2 140/43 14.10.2000
Landsat7 ETM+ 8 B3 30 141/43 25.01.2001
B4 140/44 02.11.2001
139/44 26.11.2001
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 Methodology
Multi-date remote Image pre- Stacking of FCC maps
sensing data processing layers prepared

50 spectral clusters was generated using unsupervised

classification of the standard FCC using the ISODATA
ERDAS Imagine

Spectral cluster (class name) Spectral cluster Merged

Land use/cover map

Accuracy assessment of
classified image

Change detection

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 Accuracy assessment

Kappa coefficient (Khat)

Where,
r is the number of columns/rows in the confusion matrix,
N is the total number of observation,
xii is the number of observations in row i and column i (on the major diagonal),
xi+ = total observations in row i,
x+i = total observations in column i,
The possible values range from +1 (perfect agreement) via 0 (no agreement above that
expected by chance) to -1 (complete disagreement)

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 LULC change during 1972-2001 in Damodar Catchment

(a) 1972 (b) 1990  Agriculture, water body

and settlement increased
from 19972 to 2001

 Forest and wasteland

decreased from 1972 to
2001

(c) 2001
Change (%) in land cover classes during 1972 to 2001
LULC/Year Konar Tenughat Panchet Damodar

Forest 25.88 13.18 16.78 15.28

Wasteland 41.24 37.50 29.19 32.63
Water 78.57 71.11 90.78 98.42
Settlement 96.10 167.11 127.83 140.42
Agriculture 26.76 63.43 63.43 26.71
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 Conclusions

 LULC prepared from Landsat images reveled that land use

pattern of the study area changed during 1972 to 2001.
Agricultural land, water body and settlement are have increased
whereas forest (15.28%) and wasteland (32.63%) are have
decreased during the same period.

 The Kappa statistics (0.81) indicate that the accuracy of the

classified map is reasonably good.

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QUERIES