SHREYAS COLLEGE OF NURSING

G.E. ROAD SUPELA,BHILAI

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

PRACTICE TEACHING
ON

TISSUE


SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
MRS. JYOTI CHETTY MAM MR. JOEL MASIH
ASSOCIATE PROF.(MHN) M.Sc. NURSING 1st YEAR
 INTRODUCTION

In biology, tissue is a cellular

organizational level between cells and a
complete organ. A tissue is an ensemble of
similar cells and their extracellular matrix
from the same origin that together carry
out a specific function. Organs are then
formed by the functional grouping
together of multiple tissues.
 DEFINITION

 The tissue of the body consist of large numbers of cells and

they are classified according to the size, shape and function
of these cells.

 In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between

cells and a complete organ. A tissue is an ensemble of similar
cells and their extracellular matrix from the same origin that
together carry out a specific function. Organs are then
formed by the functional grouping together of
multiple tissues
 TYPES OF TISSUES

There are four main types of tissue. The are :

1. Epithelial tissue( Epithelium)
2. Connective tissue
3. Muscle tissue
4. Nervous tissue
 :1. Epithelia tissue- This group of tissues is found covering the
body and lining cavities, hollow organs and tubes. Its also
found in glands.
FUNCTION:- protection of underlying structures from
for example, dehydration, chemical, mechanical damage.
 Secretion
 Absorption

Epithelial tissue may be:

 Simple : A single layer of cells
 Stratified : Several layers of cells
Epithelia can also be classified based on the shape of the cells,
giving rise to three types:

A. Squamous epithelial tissue

B. Cuboidal epithelial tissue
C. Columnar epithelial tissue:
D. Stratified squamous epithelium
 BASIS ON STRUCTURE
a. Non-keratinized
Non-keratinized surfaces must be kept moist
by bodily secretions to prevent them from drying out.
b. Keratinized
Keratinized surfaces are protected from abrasion
by keratin and kept hydrated and protected from
dehydration by glycolipids produced in the stratum
granulosum.
 2.CONNECTIVE TISSUE :-

serves a connecting function. It supports and binds other

tissues in the body.
 TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
a) Loose connective tissue holds organs in place and
attaches epithelial tissue to other underlying tissues.
b) Dense connective tissue helps attach muscles to bones
and link bones together at joints.
c) Specialized connective tissue encompasses a number of
different tissues with specialized cells and unique ground
substances. Some are solid and strong, while others are
fluid and flexible. Examples include adipose, cartilage,
bone, blood, and lymph.
The three main types of loose connective fibers include
collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers.
i. Collagenous fibers are made of collagen and consist of
bundles of fibrils that are coils of collagen molecules.
These fibers help to strengthen connective tissue.
ii. Elastic fibers are made of the protein elastin and are
stretchable. They help to give connective tissue elasticity.
iii. Reticular fibers join connective tissues to other tissues.
Function:-
Loose connective tissues provide support, flexibility,
and strength required to support internal organs and
structures such as blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves.
Dense connective tissue can be categorized intodense
regular, dense irregular, and elastic connective tissues.
i. Dense regular: Tendons and ligaments are examples of
dense regular connective tissue.
ii. Dense irregular: Much of the dermis layer of the skin is
composed of dense irregular connective tissue. The
membrane capsule surrounding several organs is also
dense irregular tissue.
iii. Elastic: These tissues enable stretching in structures such
as arteries, vocal cords,the trachea and bronchial tubes in
the lungs.
 Specialized Connective Tissues

Specialized connective tissues include a number of

different tissues with specialized cells and unique ground
substances. Some of these tissues are solid and strong, while
others are fluid and flexible. Examples include adipose,
cartilage, bone, blood, and lymph.
 3.Muscle Tissue

 A specialized tissue found in animals which functions by

contracting, thereby applying forces to different parts of the
body. Muscle tissue consists of fibers of muscle cells
connected together in sheets and fibers.
 4.Nervous Tissue

 Nervous tissue is the term for groups of organized cells in

the nervous system, which is the organ system that controls
the body’s movements, sends and carries signals to and from
the different parts of the body, and has a role in controlling
bodily functions such as digestion.