LAN (Local Area

Networks)
By: Anila Barkat
 Data and Computer
Communications
Chapter 15 – Local Area Network
Overview

Eighth Edition
by William Stallings
 Quotes of the Day
 THEBEST KIND OF WEALTH IS TO
GIVE UP INORDINATE DESIRES.
• HAZRAT ALI (RA)
 Fear God, for He is the one Who sets right
all that concerns you. Read the Quran and
keep remembering God. For then you will
be remembered in the heavens. And that
will be a light for you on the earth.
• Hadith of Ahmad ibn Hanbal
 Agenda
 Network and LAN
 LAN Applications
 LAN Architecture
 Choice of Topology
 Choice of Medium
 Range of LAN Technology
 Why High Speed LANs
 Ethernet
 Aloha
 Types of LANs (Wired Medium)
 Network and LAN
 When two or more than two computers
connect with each other to share
resources and information is called
network.
 A small network with in a limited
geographical area is called Local Area
Network (LAN).
 LAN Applications (1)
 personal computer LANs
 low cost
 limited data rate
 back end networks
 interconnecting large systems (mainframes and large
storage devices)
• high data rate
• high speed interface
• distributed access
• limited distance
• limited number of devices
 LAN Applications (2)
 high speed office networks
 desktop image processing
 high capacity local storage
 backbone LANs
 interconnect low speed local LANs
 reliability
 capacity
 cost
 LAN Architecture
 What is your choice in them???
 Topologies
• Star, Ring, Bus, Tree
 transmission medium
• Wired
 Twisted Pair cable, Coaxial cable, Fibber optics
• Wireless
 WiFi, Bluetooth, Radio
 Choice of Topology
 reliability
 expandability
 performance
 needs considering in context of:
 medium
 wiring layout
 Choice of Medium
 constrained by LAN topology
 capacity
 reliability
 types of data supported
 Range of LAN technologies
 Fast and Gigabit Ethernet
 Fibre Channel
 High Speed Wireless LANs
 Why High Speed LANs?
 speed and power of PCs has risen
 graphics-intensive applications and GUIs
 see LANs as essential to organizations
 for client/server computing
 now have requirements for
 centralized server
 power workgroups
 high-speed local backbone
 Ethernet (CSMA/CD)
 most widely used LAN standard
 developed by
 Institute Of Electrical And Electronics Engineers
 Name = IEEE 802.3
 Using = Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
 How to access the media
 ALOHA
 Earliest technology
 If source have data to transmit, source will directly send
the data to destination and will wait for the
acknowledgment (ACK), for maximum round trip.
 If source got the ACK mean data is received by the
destination.
 If not source will retransmit the data and gave up.
 Limitation of Aloha:
 Media is not checked either free or not.

 Only 1 time retransmission, it is possible that

destination might also not get the data after

retransmission.
 CSMA
 If source have data to transmit, source will first check the
media either free or not.
 If media is free, Source will transmit the data and will wait
for the Acknowledgment (ACK).
 If source get the ACK mean that data is received by the
destination.
 If not source will retransmit the data again and again until
received by the destination.
 Limitation of CSMA:
 If two devices sense the media at the same time, and

they got them free both will transmit the data at the
same time and collision will occur.
 After same interval of time both will again sense the

Media and will again sent the data at the same interval
of time and again and again this collision will occur.
 CSMA/CD Description
 If source have data to transmit, source will first check the
media either free or not.
 If media is free, Source will transmit the data and will
wait for the Acknowledgment (ACK).
 If source get the ACK mean that data is received by the
destination.
 If not source will retransmit the data again and again
until received by the destination.
 If two devices sense the media at the same time, and
they got them free both will transmit the data at the same
time and collision will occur.
 After collision a random time period will be assign to both
the devices and both the devices will transmit the data at
different interval of time.
Type of LANs (Wired Medium)
 Ethernet
 FastEthernet
 Gigabit Ethernet
 Token Ring
 FDDI
 Ethernet
 IEEE 802.3 standard
 10 Base T
 T stands for Twisted Pair Cable (unshielded) = UTP
 10 Mbps data rate
 CSMA/CD
 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Detection
 Packet Size: 64 ~ 1500 bytes
 Fast Ethernet
 IEEE 802.3 standard
 100 Mbps data rate
 Packet Size: 64 ~ 1500 bytes
 Gigabit Ethernet
 IEEE 802.3z standard
 1 Gbps data rate
 Packet Size: 512 bytes
 Token Ring
 LAN using Token Ring topology.
 Computers are connected in a ring such
that one is connected with second and
second with third and then finally last with
first.
 The data is transmitted using token, which
circulate in the ring.
 FDDI
 Fiber Distributed Data Interface
 Uses fiber optics medium
 Data rate 100 Mbps and more
 Up to 500 computer and devices in a single
segments of 100 km without repeaters
 Ideal for campus backbone network