Layer 1 - The physical media

- Copper
- Radio
- Fiber-optics
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038 13 - LZU 108 892 Uen Rev D UMTS Transmission Overview

 Wirelines
Twisted Pair Cable

Coaxial Cables
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038 13 - LZU 108 892 Uen Rev D UMTS Transmission Overview

 Radio - electromagnetic waves

VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF

Very low Low Medium High Very high Ultra-high Super high Extremely high
frequency frequency frequency frequency frequency frequency frequency frequency
f
3k 30 k 300 k 3M 30 M 300 M 3G 30 G 300 G [Hz]

f = c
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038 13 - LZU 108 892 Uen Rev D UMTS Transmission Overview

 Microwave links
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038 13 - LZU 108 892 Uen Rev D UMTS Transmission Overview

 Satellite system

National
network
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038 13 - LZU 108 892 Uen Rev D UMTS Transmission Overview

 The wavelength range of optical fibers

f = c
Wavelength
(nm)

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Orange
Yellow
Green
Violet
Blue

Red

Ultraviolet Visible light Near infrared Infrared

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038 13 - LZU 108 892 Uen Rev D UMTS Transmission Overview

 Optical Fiber
Electrical Electrical
input output
signal Repeater or signal
Terminal Optical Amplifier Terminal

Core
Quarts glass Jacket Primary protection
Single mode d=10 m Quarts glass Acrylate plastic
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Multi mode d=50 m d=125 m d=250 m

038 13 - LZU 108 892 Uen Rev D UMTS Transmission Overview

 Conventional Optical Transmission

TM IRE IRE TM
622Mb/s

2.5Gb/s

2.5Gb/s

One Traffic Channel per Fibre pair

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Dedicated TM’s (terminal multiplexer) and IRE’s (intermediate repeater)

038 13 - LZU 108 892 Uen Rev D UMTS Transmission Overview

 Wavelength Division Multiplexing

TM TM
OTM OLA OTM
622Mb/s

2.5Gb/s

2.5Gb/s

Multiple Traffic Channels on a single fibre pair.

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One OLA (optical line amplifier) type for all bitrates

038 13 - LZU 108 892 Uen Rev D UMTS Transmission Overview

 DWDM in Radio language
DWDM fiber
• Modulation format AM
• Carrier freq 192.3 - 195.4 THz
• Modulation frequency 100Mb/s to 10Gb/s
• Channel spacing 100GHz (32ch) or 50GHz (64ch)
• Amplifier bandwidths 4 THz
• Capacity 80Gb/s @ 2.5Gb/s & 32ch
320Gb/s @ 10Gb/s & 32ch

Laboratory (NEC: May 2001) 11000Gb/s = 11Tb/s at 117km!

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038 13 - LZU 108 892 Uen Rev D UMTS Transmission Overview