What is a nucleonic sensing

method employing usually

one or more
radioisotopesources
and radiation detectors?

Radiation sensing
 What is concerned with the
measurement of electric signals
on the scalp with arise from the
underlying neural activity in
the brain (including
synapticsources)?

EEG
In therapeutic radiology
and in nuclear medicine,
the energies of interest
range from
about
100 to 10000 KeV
Which of the following is
a four-layer diode with
an anode gate and a
cathode gate?

SCS
 What is basically a two-
terminal parallel-inverse
combination of
semiconductor layers that
permits triggering in either
direction?
Diac
What is the typical value
of the inter base
resistance of UJTs?

Between4to10Kfi
PUT stands for
Programmable
Unijunction
Transistor
 Which transistor
conducts current in both
directions when turned
on?
Diac
 What is a three
terminal device used
to control large
current to aload?
SCR
What is the other term
for thermoelectric
effect?
See beck effect
 What are the regions
corresponding to open-circuit
condition for the controlled
rectifier
which block the flow of charge
from anode to cathode?
•Forward blocking regions
•Reverse blocking regions
 The V-I characteristics
for a triac in the first and
third quadrants are
essentially identical to
those of in the quotation.
SCR
When the temperature
increases, the inter-
base resistance of a
UJT
Increases
The three terminals
of a triac are
two main terminals
and a gateterminal
A triac is equivalent
to two SCRs
in inverse-parallel
In diagnostic radiology and
for superficial therapy
purposes, the energy
spectrum of radiation
varies from about
10 to 100 KeV
 The x-ray region of the
electromagnetic spectrum
has a corresponding range
of wavelengths from
0.1 to 0.0001 nm
The three terminals of
an SCR are the

cathode, anode,
gate
If a body is considered as
a conducting sphere of
O.5m radius its
capacitance to infinity is
55 pF
 How many
semiconductor layers
does an SCR have?

Four
A triac is a switch.

bidirectional
 Which of the following is
the normal way to turn on
an SCR?

By appropriate
gate current
A triac can pass a portion
of half cycle through the
load
both positive and
negative
A diac has how many
terminals?

Two
An SCR combines the
feature of

a rectifier and
transistor
Which is the control
element in an SCR?

Gate
 How many
semiconductor layers
does a triac have?

Four
A diac has how many
semiconductor
layers?

Three
The p-type emitter of a
UJT is doped.

heavily
A diac has

two pn
junctions
A UJT is sometimes
called a diode.

double-based
A diac is switch.

an AC
An SCR is made of silicon
and not germanium
because silicon.
has low leakage
current
What is the control
element in an SCR?

Gate
 An effect that reduces
the possibility of
accidental triggering of
the SCS.
Rate effect
Which of the following is
a common application of
UJT?

Sawtooth
generator
Which device does
not have a gate
terminal?
Diac
 An SCR is a
triggered device.

current
When UJTs is turned on,
the resistance between
emitter terminal and
lower base terminal

decreases
The UJT has

one pn
junction
The UJT may be used
as

a sawtooth
generator
Which of the following is
the normal way to turn
on a diac?

By break over
voltage
Power electronics deals
with the control of ac
power at what
frequencies essentially?

60 Hz frequency
 When the emitter
terminal of a UJT is open,
the resistance between
the base-terminals is
generally
high
AC power in a load can be
controlled by connecting
two SCRs in series
two SCRs in
parallel
opposition
Which equation defines
the intrinsic stand off
ratio (y) of UJTs?

RB1 / (RB1 + RB2)

 To turn off the SCR,
which of the following
is done?
Reduce anode voltage
to zero
 Control system that
maintains a speed voltage,
or other variable within
specified limits of a preset
level.
Regulator
 To turn on the UJT, the
forward bias on emitter
diode should be the
peak point
voltage.
more than
When the temperature
increases, the intrinsic
stand off ratio

essentially
constant
 What is dimensionless
parameter of the second-
order characteristic
equation?

Damping ratio
What is the ratio of two
exponential functions of
time called?

Transfer function
A diac is turned on
by

breakover
voltage
 An SCR whose state is
controlled by the light
falling upon a silicon
semiconductor layer of the
device.

LASCR
A diac is simply

a triac without
a gate terminal
 What region lies
between the peak point
and valley point of UJT
emitter characteristic?
Negative
resistance
 What refers to the application
of electronic theory,
technology, instrumentation,
and computing system to
biological research and medical
problems?
Biomedical
electronics
 Which device
exhibits negative
resistance region?
UJT
 The UJT operates in
what region after peak
point?
Negative
resistance
 SCR is a rectifier
constructed of silicon
material. Silicon is chosen
because
of its high
temperature and
power capabilities
A transduction principle
used primarily in optical
sensors.

Photovoltaic
transduction
What is a solid state
equivalent of a gas
filled triode?

SCR
 The supply voltage is
generally that of break
over voltage in an SCR.

less than
The triac is fundamentally
a/an with a gate terminal
for controlling the turn-on
conditions of the bilateral
device in either direction.
Diac
When the supply voltage
exceeds the breakover
voltage of an SCR, it
starts
conducting
The step response of
a first order systems
is given by
y(t) = A0 + A1es1t
 A feedback control
system in which the
controlled variable is
mechanical position.
Servomechanism
What is that voltage above
when the SCR enters the
conduction region?
Forward
breakover
voltage
 A locus or path of the
roots traced out on the s-
plane as a parameter is
changed.
Root locus
 A control system in
which the output is
related to the input by
device parameters only.
Open-loop
control system
 What is that value of
current below which the
SCR switches from the
conduction state to the
forward blocking region
under stated conditions?
Holding current
 Which is equivalent to a
zener or avalanche region
of the fundamental two-
layer semiconductor diode?

Reverse breakdown
voltage
 What is the required
gate triggering current
of GTO?

20 mA
What is an automatic speed
control device using the
centrifugal force on rotating
flyweights as the feedback
element?
Flywheel governor
What is the sensing
element of
acceleration
transducer?
Seismic mass
What are some areas
where GTO is
applicable?
All of the
above
What Greek word
which means
“switch”?
Thy
What is the typical
turn-on time of an
SCR?
1 µs
An SCR is a solid state
equivalent of which
tube?
Gas-filled
triode
The gate of an SCR is
with respect to its
cathode.
positive
 A normally operated
SCR has an anode
which is with respect
to cathode.
positive
What device measures
humidity directly with
a single sensing
element?
Hygrometer
 What is one of the most
widely used sensing
elements particularly for
pressure ranges higher than
2 MPa?
Bourdon tube
Which of the following
can change the angle of
conduction in SCR?

Changing gate
voltage
An SCR is a member
of what family?
Thyristo
 How many pn
junction does SCRs
have?
Three
Which of the following is
NOT a method primarily
used for density sensing?

Differential
When SCR starts
conducting, then
losses all control.

gate
An SCR when turned
on has a typical
voltage across of
1V
The typical turn-off
time of an SCR is
about

5 to 40 µs
An SCR is made of
what material?
Silicon
 ECG stands for
electrocardiography
while EEG stands for?
electroencephalog
raphy
 Acceleration
transducers are also
called

accelerometers
 When an SCR is
combined to a switch, it
is considered as a
switch.

unidirectional
 When the firing
angle of SCR is
increased, its output
decreases
When the SCR is OFF,
the current in the
circuit is
small leakage
current
The SCR can exercise
control over of ac
supply.
positive or
negative half-
cycle
 What is the most
widely used altitude
and altitude-rate
transducers?
Gyro
What sensing element is typically
made from a thin-walled tube
formed into deep convolutions
and sealed at one end, whose
displacement can then be made to
act on a transduction element?

Input offset
current
The voltage across an
SCR when it is turned
on is about
1V