Chapter 7

Wire and Wireless

Communications
Typical speech
power

10 to 1000 μW
The maximum
intelligibility for voice
frequency is located
between

1000 and 3000 Hz

The maximum voice
energy is located
between

250 and 500 Hz

A device used to measure
speech volume.

volume unit meter

By definition, for
a sine wave
0 dBm = 0 V.U.
Presently, this is the “standard”
frequency bandwidth for voice
transmission.

300 to 3400 Hz
Which of the following is
commonly used wire for
subscriber loop design?

AWG # 19
The resistance limit for No.
2 Crossbar Exchange (US) is

1300 Ω
AWG # 26 has a
typical loss of

0.51 dB/1000 ft.

What is the standard
voice channel spacing?

4 kHz
Which tester is used to
measure SWR?

Reflectometer
What is singing?
An undesired self-sustained
oscillation in a system, generally
caused by excessive positive
feedback.
Which stage increases the
selectivity of the circuit in an
AM receiver?

IF stage
The ________ of radio receiver
amplify weak signal and produce
a desirable intelligence at the
output speaker.

sensitivity
Full-duplex transmission
means

Two-way simultaneous
transmission
What is a
multidrop line?

A line or circuit
interconnecting several
situations.
A passive _________ is an electronic
device which reduces signal
strength by a specified amount in
dB.

Attenuator
The signal quality of the calls is
constantly monitored by the base
station, when the quality of the calls
drops below a certain specified level.
The base request the MTSO to try
and find a better cell site.

Roaming
A digital identification
associated with a cellular
system.

MIN
How many seconds does
facsimile transmit a
stranded page?

25
A kind of recording used
in facsimile.

Electrolytic recording
A type of distortion a facsimile
produce when it becomes out of
synchronization?

Skewing
What is an acoustic
coupler?
A device that converts electric
signals into audio signals, enabling
data to be transmitted over the
public telephone network via a
conventional telephone handset
Cause a herringbone
pattern in facsimile

Crosstalk
The _______ in an FM
receiver causes a stronger
signal to dominate over a
weaker signal on the same
frequency.

Capture effect
A device that converts a
2-wire circuit to a 4-wire
circuit.

Hybrid circuit
______ theory is deciding
between a set of hypothesis
when given a collection of
imperfect measurements.

Decision
______ of a data reduction says that
when reducing a set of data into
the form of an underlying mode,
one should be maximally non-
committal with respect to missing
data.

Jaynes maximum
entropy principle
_______ is selecting the best
value of a parameter from a
continuum of possible values
when gives a collection if
imperfect measurements
Estimation
Combination of madulator,
channel, and detector.

Discrete channel
What is the frequency
band of DECT?

1.88 – 1.90 GHz

How many simultaneous
calls does each DECT
system can support?

12
How many simultaneous
calls does a DECT radio
transceiver can assess at
any given time?

120
The AGC voltage of a radio
receiver is always _______.

DC, but may have either

polarity positive DC
What is a concentrator?
A switching system that lets a
large number of telephone or
data processing subscribers use a
lesser number of transmission
lines or a narrow bandwidth
If you find that an SAW filter
output is 6 dB down from the
input of a receiver during test,
______

This is normal.
A triple conversion
superheterodyne receiver,
diode mixer stages are

Operated in the
nonlinear region
What is a leased
line?

A permanent circuit for a

private use within a
communication network
If two FM signals of
different strengths are
received on the same
frequency

Only the stronger will

appear in the AF output
Cellular mobile system
was first operated in

1983
TACS is a cellular system
with ______ channels.

1000
Supervisory Audio Tone
(SAT) has _______
frequency.

6000 Hz
What is the number of channels of
a cellular system with an
allocated spectrum of 25 MHz and
with a channel of 30 kHz
bandwidth?

833
GSSM uses what digital
modulation technique?

GFSK
What is the power output of
Personal Communication
System (PCS)?

10 mW
RG-B8 cable has a loss of
about ______ dB at cellular
frequencies up to 15 ft.
length.

3
The signals designed to keep
the receivers and
transmitters aligned.

Pilot carrier signals

If the spacing of a two-wire
open air transmission line is 12
inches and the conductor
diameter is 0.25 inch, the
characteristic impedance is

547 Ω
The impedance of the
quarterwave transformer used
to match a 600 Ω line to a 300 Ω

424 Ω
When a line and a load are
match the reflection
coefficient is

Zero
When line is terminated in
an open circuit load, the
reflection coefficient is

Unity
A 300 ohms line is
terminated in a resistance
load of 200 ohms, the VSWR
is

1.5
If the reflection
coefficient is 0.5, the
standing wave ratio is

3
To least the fault of the given
line, a signal is fed to the line,
30 μs later the signal returned.
What is the distance of the
fault?

4500 m
The telephone set is
powered by the central
office on the ring side at

– 42 to -52 Vdc
The telephone voice
band frequency is from

300 to 3400 Hz
Which of the following
wire is used to transmit
the signal?

Green
The corresponding
frequency for digit 7 in the
touch tone telephone is

852 & 1209 Hz

The physical connection
between the telephone set
and the switching
equipment is

Subscriber loop
What is the local loop
of a telephone system?

It is a two-wire or four-wire
communication circuit between
the customer’s premise and the
central office
Which of the ff. equipment
is used in long loop
design?
Dial long lines

Voice repeater

Loop range extender

What is a two-
wire circuit?

A circuit usually in the subscriber

loop, between the telephone set and
the local central office.
1 mW is equal to

90 dBm
Which of the following
responds to the request of
a subscriber by sending a
dial tone?

First selector
The other name of Class 2
office in the North
American Switching Plan.

Section
A cell in the cellular
telephone system means

Small area
What is the linking point
between cell phone and
regular telephone?

MTSO
When a single cell is
divided into smaller cells
that process is called

Cell splitting
The first cell shape is a square

Circle
In order to provide 100%
coverage without overlap,
cellular telephone system
can use

Hexagon cell shape

Triangle

Rectangular
What is the beamwidth of the
reflector of the receiving
antenna in the base station

60 degrees
A cellular phone
operates on

Full duplex
Cellular phones transmit
in the band from

825 to 845 MHz

Cell phone receives in the
band from

870 to 890 MHz

What is the frequency
separation between the
transmit and the receive
channels?

45 MHz
For channel 1,
transmit/receive frequency
is

825.015/870.015 MHz
The number of
transmit/receive channels
in the cellular system is
666
The transmission range of
cellular telephony is
generally about

80 km
One of the following is not an
advantage of a cellular
telephone system

Large service area

When the message is transferred
from one cell site transmitter to
another cell site transmitter as the
caller crosses a boundary __________
process takes place.

Hand off
What is the sensitivity of a
cellular receiver?

50 dB
What is the frequency
deviation of the cellular
telephone system?

±12 kHz
Hailing channel is
otherwise known as

Calling channel
What is an Erlang?

It is equal to the number of

simultaneous calls originated
during a specific hourly period.
All of the cell base stations are
linked together by _______ which
serves as the central office and
management node for the group.

MTSO
Provides interface between the
mobile telephone switching
office and the mobile units.

Cell site
A phone call over the
cellular network actually
requires

Full duplex channels

A method of expressing the
amplitudes of complex non-
periodic signals such as
speech.

Volume
_______ is signal returned to
the talker after one or more
round trips between the
talker

Echo
______ is a voice operated device
that inserts a high loss in the
opposite direction of
transmission of the talking
party.

Echo suppressor
_____ is picking up of the
same station at two nearby
points on the receiver dial.

Double spotting
When one channel picks up
the signal carried by
another channel.

Crosstalk
What type of connector
arrangement wherein a
customer may move to another
location and still retain the
same telephone number.

TPS
It is an advantage of
sidetone.

Assures the customer that

the telephone is working
Radio communications
between points using a single
share frequency.

Half-duplex
The transmission of information
from multiple sources occurring
on the same facility but not as
the same time.

TDM
When human voice and music
are transmitted, the type of
communication employed is
known as

Radiotelephony
Printed documents to be
transmitted by fax are
converted into baseband
electric signal by the process of

Scanning
What is the most commonly used
light sensor in a modern fax
machine?

Charge couple device

In FM fax, the frequencies for
black and white are ______
repectively.

1500 and 2300 Hz

Which resolution
produces the best
quality fax?
400 lines per inch
Group 2 fax uses which
modulation?

Vestigial sideband AM
The most widely used
fax standard is

Group 3
Group 3 fax uses which
modulation?

QAM
Most fax printers
are of which type?

Thermal
Facsimile standards
are set by the

CCITT
What type of graphics is
commonly transmitted by
rafio fax?

Satellite weather photos

What is the
transmission speed
of group 4 fax?

56 kbits/s
What is the cause of
insertion loss?
A. Thermal noise that intermodulate with
signal traveling on the same medium.
B. A momentary disruption of signal due to
power interruption.
C. A low level high frequency signal inserted
into the original signal caused by thermal
noise.
D. None of these. (Ans)
______________ is the master
control center for cellular
telephone system.

Mobile telephone
switching office
Each cell site contains a

Repeater
What is a trunk?

A telephone line
connecting two central
offices.
Cellular telephone use
which type of operation?

Full-duplex
What is the maximum
frequency deviation of an
FM cellular transmitter?

12 kHz
Receive channel 22 is
870.66 MHz.
Receive channel is

870.69
A transmit channel has a
frequency of 837.6 MHz. The
recieved channel frequency
is

882.6 MHz
A recieve channel frequency is
872.4 MHz. To develop an 82.2
MHz IF, the frequency
synthesizer must supply an LO
signal of

954.6 MHz
The output power of cellular
radio is controlled by the

MTSO
When the signal from a mobile
cellular unit drops below a
certain level, what action
occurs?

The unit is "handed off"

to a closer cell
In a cellular radio,
the duplexer is a

Pair of sharp
bandpass filters
On a telephone system, the
loop is open during

On-hook condition
For every button pressed on a
touchtone telephone, how
many signals are transmitted
to the C.O.?

Two audio-frequency tones

What is the traffic model
about blocking calls clear
condition specified blocking
probability?

Erlang B
A touch-ttouch-tone
telephone generates how
many different tones.

8 audible tone frequencies

The base-to-mobile
frequency assignment of a
GSM system.

935-960 MHz
A voice-grade channel is
suitable for transmission
of
Signals with a frequency
ranging from 300 to 3400
Hz
What is the bandwidth of
cellular CDMA system?

1.23 MHz
What is a
communication link?
It is a channel or circuit
intended to connect others
channels or circuits.
Block calls held condition
specified the held
probability at a time period
equal to an average holding
time.

Poisson
What is an Echo?

A wave which has been reflected or

otherwise returned with the sufficient
magnitude and delay for it to be
perceptible in some manner as a wave
distinct from that directly transmitted.
What is the system used by
Personal Communication
Network (PCN)?

Modified GSM
Termination refers
to
Load connected to the
output end of a
transmission line
The multiple access used
by Digital European
Cordless Telephone
(DECT)

TDMA
Blocked calls delay
condition specified delay
probability

Erlang C
Status information
provided by telephone
signaling.

Busy tone, dial tone and

ringing

Congestion and call charge

data
The modulation
technique used by
DECT.

GFSK
What is a four-wire
circuit?
Is used between serving central
offices for long-distance
connections, with one pair being
used for each direction of
transmission.
Cellular CDMA system uses
what modulation method?

BPSK
PABX means

Private Automatic
Branch Exchange
What is the voted cellular
digital standard at TIA?

Digital AMPS
What is the number of
channels for Band A and
for Band B in Digital
AMPS

416
The mobile-to-base
frequency assignment
for GSM system is

890-915 MHz
The range (in miles) of a
cellular CDMA system.

13
In a cellular system,
________ is used to measure
the spectrum efficiency.

Radio capacity
Which of the following echo
is completely out of
control?

Singing
Which of the following
devices increase the
battery voltage on a loop
and extends its signaling
range?
Loop extender
Under ordinary
circumstances, the CCITT
recommends that the number
of circuits in tandem must not
exceed

12
What is the system
capacity of AMPS?

100,000
NAM means
Numeric Assignment
Module