GROUP 1

BRINGING POSITIVISM
TO THE FORE OF
SOCIAL SCIENCE
Bringing positivism to the fore of
social science
• "Positivism” comes from the French word
positivisme , which is derived from the root word
positif, and denotes that something is arbitrarily
imposed on the mind by sensory experience. This
philosophy came to be associated with the scientific
method.
Social sciences use the same
philosophy that guided the
development of the natural
sciences. "POSITIVISM”, a
philosophy developed in Europe
about a century before the
industrial revolution, shaped
scientific tradition through the
19th century and beyond.
Philosophes during the
Enlightenment— an important
intellectual movement during the late
17th to the 18th century.

The French Enlightenment

philosophe, Auguste Comte, who was
the (proponent) of Positivism, suggested
that theology and metaphysics are
flawed—since they could not be proven
empirically—and could not betrusted.
AUGUSTE COMTE
This rationality is believed to be a
possession of all humans making
the idea of "progress” an
inevitable course taken first by the
West and should be embraced by
non-western societies given the
right push or intervention.
Emile
Durkheim
The French
intellectual of
the 19th to early
20th century, is
consider the
father of both
Sociology and
Anthropology.
Social science, hence, started an
intellectual mode of inquiring about
society with a very scientific mindset.
Just like the natural sciences thatview
phenomena as consisting of
empirically detectable or varefiable
events through artifacts, fossils, and
other hard evidence, social facts–or
hard evidence of social phenomena–
employ the same belief that regard
human social life.
What is the "science" and
the "social" behind the
study of society?
@ Anthropology
@ Demography
@ Economics
@ Geography
@ History
@ Linguistic
@ Political Science
@Psychology
@ Sociology
The term social science is a body of
knowledge characterized by an
objective to understand what
society is and what does it to do
people living inside it. Th word
"social "situates the whole
discipline in people and their social
contexts. Is also a key idea in the
said rubric of disciplines.
Theorizing Society Through
Social Science Disciplines
• Fundamental • What does social science
emphasize?
Concepts
• Individual • Social actors , and active,
mindful, and conscious
decision makers.
• Environment, social structures
• Nature that provide the physical and
biological as well as the social
context of collective action or
social phenomena.
 • Shared and collective action,
• Culture ideas, and values that are
demonstrated ,exhibited,
produced and reproduced by
a particular group of people
and communicated through
symbols including language.
• Patterns of behaviour and
interaction, which have
been institutionalized
overtime, result of human
interaction with one
another and with the
"social world" and "naturap
world".

• Social structure
• Action • Decisions, activities and
interactions made by
human beings in the
context if their
particular social world
and conditioned by
their collective
consciousness.
ANTHROPOLOGY deals with the nature of
human beings, both from a biological and
cultural point of view.

SOCIOLOGY a close relative of

anthropology, deals with how people
behave and interact with one another as a
member of a particular social group.

DEMOGRAPHY meanwhile, deals with the

population as a unit of analysis.
ECONOMICS thought at times
separated from the other social
sciences due to it's emphasis on
quantitative analysis and
mathematical equations as
representation of social behaviour,
focuses on markets, wealth, and
resources that people construct
and make us of in order to live.
environment or the location of the
people—a condition that exist outside
of people—that ultimately conditions
the waynpeolpe will behave in society.

PSYCHOLOGY pushes the discussion

further by asserting that what is going
on within the individual mind or the
psyche—one's feelings—does shape
the way he/she views society and
relationship with people and the
environment.
POLITICAL SCIENCE believe that it is
politics or the political realm that
captures human life. Social science,
for all intents and purposes, is as
much a collective and coherent
framework of social inquiry as it is a
diverse feild of intellectual study.
ANTHROPOLOGY —
"anthropos"(human),"logos" (study of)
DEMOGRAPHY—
"demos"(people),"graphein"(description)
ECONOMICS—"economy"(household
management)
GEOGRAPHY—"geo" (earth),
"graphein"(description)
LINGUISTICS—"lingua (tongue, language)
HISTORY—"histoire" (recorded and
documented events)
POLITICAL SCIENCE—"polotika",
"polis" (affairs of the cities)
PSYCHOLOGY—"psyche" (mind),
"logos" (study of)
SOCIOLOGY— "socius"(people
together, assosciate) "logos"(study of)
ETHNOGRAPHY is a special
methodology in the social sciences
that aims to describe what
constitutes a particular social
phenomenon: event, actors,
interactions, relationships, ideas,
symbols, and objects.
Crucial conduct of ethnography I
the identification KIs. This is done
through the following basic
ethnographic techniques.

A. Participant observation
B. In depth interviews
C. Focus—group discussion
D. Life History Method
E. Oscular inspection
Bronislaw
Malinowski, the icon
of British school social
anthropology of the
early 20the century,
pioneered the
technique of
"participant
observation" with his
detailed recording and
analysis of the
inhabitants of the
Trobnand Islands.
Malinowski's
ethnographic
work, "Argonauts
of the Western
Pacific", is
considered a
canon in Social
Anthropology.
"FIELDWORK" is the social research
technique of going to the feild to
conduct a face-to-face study of the
subject matter. Expectedly, Sociology,
Linguistics, and Geography are also
drawn to this method because the
nature of their disciplines involves an
examination of human phenomena—
social, linguistic, and geography—
from where they actually manifest or
unfold.
 MEMBERS
• Ilyn Gimenez. Mark Senining
• Angel Sinangote. Ryan Cabansag
• Rechel Alolod. Christian Baril
• Krishia Pilapil. Malcom Molero
• Ma. Zenie Cabahug
• Liezl Muñez
• Marc Jaspher Aguspina
• Keith Laurence Ylana
• Jobert Ejurango