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Computing
Virtualization
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Contents
Introduction to Computing Virtualization
• Development Background
• Working Principles
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What Is Virtualization?
Before After
App App App App App App App App App App App App
App App App
Win Linux Win Linux Win Linux Win Linux Win Linux Win Linux
Resource pool
Virtualization layer Virtualization layer Virtualization layer
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Origin
The virtualization technology applied on mainframe computers in 1960s.
The CPU processes data much faster than that required by software.
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Benefits
• Hardware utilization is improved.
• Power consumption is reduced.
• IT O&M efficiency is enhanced, and therefore fewer system administrators are required.
• The OS and hardware are decoupled.
Partition Isolation
Multiple VMs can run on a single VMs that run on the same server
physical server. are isolated from one another.
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Concepts
Guest OS:
Physical server VM
OS installed on a VM
VM VM Hypervisor:
(guest machine) (guest machine)
Virtualized software layer/virtual
machine monitor (VMM)
VM monitor
(Hypervisor) Host OS:
Physical server
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Mainstream Virtualization Types
Hosted Bare-metal Hybrid
OS virtualization
Application virtualization virtualization virtualization
Application Application Application Application Application Application
Application Application Application
OS System System
service template base template base
OS OS management
OS OS OS
Virtualization layer console
Virtual container Virtual storage
Bare-metal virtualization and hybrid virtualization are the virtualization architecture development
trends.
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Contents
Introduction to Virtualization
• Development Background
• Working Principles
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CPU Virtualization
CPU Shared by VMs
This feature uses the mechanism similar to the traditional OS, that is, timer
interrupts, to trigger the privileged instructions trapped in the VMM. Then, the
system schedules CPU resources based on the scheduling mechanism.
OS
Instruction 2 Instruction 1
VMM
Instruction (1)
Physical CPU
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Memory Virtualization
Memory virtualization centrally manages physical memory of
physical servers and allocates the memory resources to multiple
VMs.
Guest virtual memory
VM1 VM2 VM3 VM4
1
2
3
4
5
Virtual machine monitor (VMM)
5
1
2
3 4
Machine physical memory
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I/O Virtualization
VMs reuse limited peripheral
Domain 0 Domain U resources:
The VMM intercepts the access request
User Control
sent by the guest OS to the device and
mode panel User mode simulates device's actions using
software.
The front-end drive forwards data to the
Kernel Kernel back-end drive through the VMM's
interface.
Device Back-end Front The back-end drive processes VM data
drive drive drive
in different time segments and
channels.
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Virtualization Supported by Intel
Hardware (Extensions)
VT-x: Virtualization Technology for IA-32
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Contents
Introduction to Virtualization
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Working Principles of VM Live Migration
Definition:
VM live migration is to migrate a running VM to a specified host on the same
site.
Working principles:
Transmits VM configurations and device information to the target host.
Transmits VM memory.
Synchronizes the initial memory and memory defragmentation upon the
memory migration to the target host.
Pauses the original VM and transmits the VM status.
Pauses the VM to be migrated on the original host.
Transmits latest memory changes to the target host.
Resumes the target VM.
Resumes the VM on the target host and stops the VM on the original host.
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Across-CPU VM Live Migration
Background:
Live migration requires that CPUs of the original and target physical servers have the
same features or are compatible with each other. Otherwise, the live migration fails. The
Across-CPU VM Live Migration feature is introduced to resolve the compatibility issue.
Working principles:
Based on the Intel Flex Migration technology, the hypervisor intercepts and modifies
CPUID instructions and returns responses. By doing so, the VM cannot sense changes of
CPUs in the same cluster. Therefore, the VM can be migrated to any host within the
cluster.
Application suggestions:
In the host list, you can view the IMC mode with the highest level supported by each host.
Users can specify the across-CPU migration mode in the cluster configuration or try from
the highest to the lowest levels. When a mode level passes the verification, this level is
the highest mode level supported by the cluster.
The cluster can only be set to a mode with a lower level. Therefore, the CPU generation
support capability between nodes cannot be too high during the cluster planning.
Otherwise, the overall performance deteriorates and resources are wasted.
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Across-CPU VM Live Migration
Application and Configuration
In the advanced settings of the
cluster, an option for enabling the
Incompatible Migration Cluster
(IMC) is provided.
Merom
Penryn
Nehalem
Westmere
Sandy Bridge
Ivy Bridge
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Contents
Introduction to Virtualization
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VM HA
Definition: If a server or a VM fails, the system automatically restarts the
VM on another available server.
• Physical server faults: host power-off, restart, and breakdown
Working principles:
1. A VM or a host is faulty.
2. The management node queries the VM status and detects that the VM is faulty.
3. The management node finds that the faulty VM has the HA function enabled and starts
the VM on an available host based on the stored VM information (specifications and
volume).
4. After receiving the HA request, the host starts the VM on another host based on the VM
specifications and volume information.
5. The host attaches the original VM disks (including user disks) to the destination host.
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Automatic Service Recovery
5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
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Contents
Introduction to Virtualization
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CPU QoS
The hypervisor schedules CPUs in time-based sharing mode based on
configured CPU QoS parameters. By doing so, the hypervisor controls
the percentage of physical computing resources allocated to each VM,
ensuring service QoS.
CPU QoS parameters
Limit (MHz): specifies the maximum CPU resources that can be allocated to a VM. For
example, if a VM has one CPU and this parameter is set to 2000, a maximum of 2000
MHz CPU resources can be allocated to the VM.
Reserved (MHz): specifies the minimum CPU resources required by a VM. For example, if
a VM has one CPU and this parameter is set to 1000, the VM requires a minimum of 1000
MHz CPU resources.
Quota: specifies the CPU quota a VM can obtain in resource contention. The quota
indicates the relative priority or importance of a VM. For example, if the CPU quota of a
VM is twice that of another VM, this VM has the priority to consume the CPU resources as
twice as that of the other VM.
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CPU QoS Application and Configuration
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Contents
Introduction to Virtualization
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Definition of Memory Overcommitment
The Memory Overcommitment feature allows VMs running on a host to use
more memory than the physical server has available through virtualization
technologies (such as memory ballooning, zero page sharing, and memory
swapping), improving VM density and reducing the cost of a single VM. For
different VMs, such as the management VMs and service VMs, this feature
provides different QoS policies to meet customer's service requirements.
Virtualization
Host
Physical memory (8 GB)
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Working Principle of Memory
Overcommitment
Memory overcommitment: The memory ballooning, zero page sharing, and memory swapping
technologies employed by memory overcommitment enable a VM to promptly respond to memory
access requests through proper scheduling, reducing the performance overheads of the VM with
memory overcommitment enabled.
VM1 VM2
Idle
Idle
Memory
ballooning
Used
Used
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Memory Overcommitment
Configuration
Memory overcommitment can be configured for a cluster.
By default, memory overcommitment is disabled for a cluster. You can enable this function for
the cluster.
If the memory overcommitment function is disabled for a cluster, this function does not take
effect for all hosts in the cluster.
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QoS Configuration for Memory
Overcommitment
QoS configuration for VM memory includes the following:
Reserved (MB): indicates the minimum memory reserved for a VM. If Reserved (MB) is set
to 0, the system reserves the minimum required memory resources for the VM.
Quota: specifies the CPU quota a VM can obtain in resource contention. The quota
indicates the relative priority or importance of a VM. For example, if the CPU quota of a VM
is twice that of another VM, this VM has the priority to consume the CPU resources as twice
as that of the other VM.
Size: specifies the maximum memory resource required by a VM.
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Relationship Between VM QoS and
Host Memory
Relationship between the VM
memory QoS and host memory
specifications:
The total memory reserved for VMs
on a host is less than or equal to the
Windows VM (6 GB) Linux VM (6 GB) host memory specifications.
The total limited memory for VMs on
a host can be greater than the host
Virtualization
memory specifications.
The quota for VMs on a host is not
Host limited.
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Contents
Introduction to Virtualization
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Remote CD/DVD-ROM Drive
Mounting
With this feature, the local CD/DVD-ROM drive or ISO image mounted to a server can
be remotely accessed by VMs running on the server over a network.
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Working Principle of Remote
CD/DVD-ROM Drive Mounting
CD/DVD-ROM Drive Mounting provides virtual USB CD/DVD drives and allows
local media, such as the CD/DVD-ROM drive and ISO file, to be remotely accessed
over a network.
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Contents
Introduction to Virtualization
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Working Principle of Dynamic
Resource Adjustment
Dynamic resource adjustment
Dynamic resource adjustment allows the number
of resources used by a VM to be changed
without affecting VM services.
Resources that can be adjusted include
the following:
Number of CPUs, memory size, number of NICs,
and number of disks
Offline Online Adjustment and Online Adjustment and
Resource Type
Adjustment Effective upon Restart Effective Immediately
Supported in the competition
CPU Supported Supported
tests
Supported in the competition
Memory Supported Supported
tests
Common NIC Supported N/A Supported
iNIC Supported Not supported Not supported
Number of disks Supported N/A Supported
Disk size
(used in virtualization scenarios, Partially supported (for details,
Supported Supported
and the disk size can only be see the following remarks)
increased)
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Dynamic Resource Adjustment and
Configuration
You can adjust VM resources on the Hardware tab under VM and Template.
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Contents
Introduction to Virtualization
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Introduction to Computing Resource
Scheduling
What is computing resource scheduling?
Computing resource scheduling automatically adjust VM placement on
computing nodes by leveraging the VM live migration technology.
What functions does computing resource scheduling provide?
Load balancing for computing nodes
Automated power management: The system automatically powers off hosts
when the system has a lot of idle resources and powers on the hosts when
resources in the system are insufficient.
VMs can be set to mutually exclusive on a host and to be prohibited from
running on certain hosts.
What policies can be configured for computing resource scheduling?
Load balancing
Automated power management
Advanced scheduling rules
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Computing Resource Scheduling:
Load Balancing
Based on policies configured by users, the system balances CPU usages and
memory usages of nodes that can properly communicate with the management
node and are not isolated through VM live migration.
The load-balancing is performed at an interval of 50 minutes.
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Computing Resource Scheduling:
Load Balancing Workflow
Collect CPU and memory usages of each node in the cluster.
(for 10 collection periods)
Yes
Collect CPU and memory usages for VMs that can be
scheduled in the cluster.
Yes
Is the number of such migrations
greater than 40?
No
Add such migrations to the migration queue. Complete
the scheduling of this cluster and start a next one.
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Computing Resource Scheduling:
Automated Power Management
Before automated power After the automated power
management is enabled management is enabled
VM 1
VM 2 VM 2
VM 1 VM 3 VM 3
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Computing Resource Scheduling:
Automated Power Management
The system implements the automated power management for hosts based on
policies configured by users.
When the loads on hosts in a cluster are light, the system automatically migrates
all VMs from the hosts and powers off the hosts. When the loads on hosts in a
cluster are heavy, the system automatically powers on the some hosts.
Automated power management is performed at an interval of 10 minutes.
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Computing Resource Scheduling: Automated
Power Management Workflow
Start
Calculate the heavy-loaded score of CPU and Is the node light-loaded? Power on the host
memory usages for each sampling point. No and select an
appropriate node to
Yes migrate VMs.
End
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Computing Resource Scheduling:
Advanced Scheduling Rules
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Computing Resource Scheduling: Advanced
Scheduling Rule Configuration — Mutually
Exclusive
Select a cluster, choose Set Computing Resource Scheduling > Rule
Management, click Add, and choose Keep VMs mutually exclusive for Type.
The following dialog box is displayed.
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Computing Resource Scheduling:
Advanced Scheduling Rules
Configuration — VMs to Hosts
Preparations: A host group and a VM group have been created.
Procedure: Select a cluster, choose Set Computing Resource Scheduling >
Rule Management, click Add, and choose VMs to hosts for Type. The following
dialog box is displayed.
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Computing Resource Scheduling:
Example of Advanced Scheduling Rules
VM 1
VM 2 VM 3 VM 1 VM 8
VM 4 VM 5 VM 6 VM 7 VM 8
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Contents
Introduction to Virtualization
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VRM-Independent HA
Function description
A master node is elected in a cluster to monitor
status of hosts in the cluster and maintains the VM
lists. If a host fails, the master node restarts all VMs
running on the host on other hosts.
Users can choose to enable or disable the VRM-
independent HA function. If this function is disabled,
the VRM node implements the HA function. If this
function is enabled, a master node is elected to
implement the HA function.
Restriction
The VRM-independent HA supports only virtualized
storage because VIMS is required for storing the
storage heartbeats and configuration data.
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VRM-Independent HA
VRM module function
Distributes configuration data, such as host configuration data, VM
compatibility information, and heartbeat storage data.
Receives the topology reported by HAD.
Coordinates and maintains network rules saved on data stores for VM
startup.
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Enhanced DRS and DPM Functions
In FusionCompute V100R005C00, the
DRS and DPM scheduling algorithms
are optimized to improve the
scheduling efficiency and reduce the
number of scheduling operations
required.
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OVF Template
Open Virtualization Format (OVF) is a packaging standard introduced by Distributed Management Task
Force (DMTF) for VM and virtual application (vApp) publishing and deployment. The OVF specification
defines two specific ways of grouping files: OVF package and OVA package (OVF in the TAR format). A
standard OVF package includes:
• One OVF descriptor with extension .ovf. It is an XML file that defines the components of a VM or vApp
and the features and resource requirements of each component.
• Zero or one OVF manifest with extension .mf
• Zero or one OVF certificate with extension .cert
• Zero or more disk image files with extension .vmdk , .vhd, or others
• Zero or more additional resource files with extension .iso
A Huawei OVF template encapsulates only one VM and supports both the OVF and OVA packages. A
Huawei OVF package includes:
• One OVF descriptor with extension .ovf
• One or more disk image files with extension .vhd. The file format is the compression format used by
Huawei for stream transmission.
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Enhanced Template Importing and
Exporting Functions
FusionCompute V100R005C00
introduces support for the HTTP and
HTTPS protocols during OVF
template importing and exporting.
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Antivirus Virtualization
• Compared with the traditional antivirus VM user
Administrator
function, the antivirus virtualization function Host
management
Antivirus Virus signature Kernel mode Antivirus light agent
on user VMs and does not consume Antivirus application
deployment
engine database
Centralized
computing resources on user VMs, leaving configuration Security VM API
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VNC Login Optimization
• FusionCompute V100R005C00 introduces support for
the HTML5-based noVNC function. Compared TightVNC
supported by earlier versions, noVNC offers the following
benefits:
No JRE plug-in is required for the browser.
More smooth operations using a mouse.
The system responds quickly and smoothly
to operations performed using the mouse
and keyboard.
• HTML5 has requirements on browser versions. The
browser versions highlighted in green in the figure
located in the upper-right corner are those that support
HTML5.
• After a user clicks VNC Login, the system displays a
dialog box for users to select a VNC login mode if it
detects that noVNC is supported. If the system does not
support noVNC, the system enables the user to directly
log in to the VM using TightVNC.
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Thank you
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