Investigation Of Ground Water Potential And

Delineation Of Fresh And Saline Water

Aquifers In Bahawalpur District, Pakistan

Institute Of Geology
University Of The Punjab
_______________________________
Presented By: Sheharyar Ahmed
Contents

• Introduction
• Methodology
• Interpretation And Results
• Conclusion
• References
Introduction

• Water is most important for any type of land

development and conservation of groundwater is
economically important.
• Geophysical methods has been used for a number of
applications particularly groundwater potential zone
identification.
• Electrical resistivity method plays solving groundwater
problems through its highest resolving power and
economical viability. (Martinelli 1978; Muchingami et al.
2012).
Electrical resistivity methods are used to investigate:
• Different lithological formations
• Bed rock dispositions
• The depth to water table
• Thickness of weathered zones
• Thickness and lateral extent of aquifers
• Groundwater flow directions
• Fresh and salt water intrusions
Figure 1.0: Base map of Bahawalpur area
Methodology
Instrumentation
• ABEM Terrameter SAS 4000
• Battery
• Hammer
• Electrodes
• Wires
Electrode Configuration
• The Schlumberger protocol was chosen and very low
frequency current is introduced into the ground.
• The potential electrodes M and N are inserted in the
ground between the outer current electrodes A and B
such that all the electrodes are aligned along a straight
line.
 Figure 2: Schematic diagram for resistivity survey (after Ahzegbobor,
2010)

• VES survey was conducted with the help of Schlumberger

configuration having maximum current electrodes
spacing (AB/2) of 250m.
Interpretation And Results
• The processed data were then used to determine true or
modeled resistivity values of each lithology together with
its thickness by using IPI2WIN software (IPI2WIN-1D
computer programme 2000; Zananiri et al. 2006; Sultan
et al. 2009; Akhter et al. 2012).
• Interpretation of AH-22
• Interpretation of YZ-01

• Black circles indicates apparent electrical resistivity

values recorded in the field, red color curve is model
resistivity curve and the blue line segments are indicative
of geo-electric layers interpreted from the model curve.
Resistivity Range Resistivity Zone Interpreted Lithology

(Ohm-meter)

Less than 10 Very Low Predominantly clay/silty clay or sand which also covered

with organic fertilizers material with saline ground water

quality

10 – 25 Low Predominantly fine to medium sand with some clay/silty

clay layers of sand and brackish/ moderatly saline ground

water quality.

25-50 Mostly contain sand grain particals with marginal

groundwater quality.

50 - 150 Medium Mainly composed of medium to coarse Sand and fresh

groundwater quality

Greater than 150 High Predominantly compact Concer material, mainly dry
Resistivity Contour map at 100 m
depth
Conclusion
• The subsurface resistivity data processed in IPI2WIN
software shows three to five layers of geo electric layer in
the study area consisting of silty clay, clay, silty sand and
fine to coarse sand.

• The shallowest water table depth was at YZ-01 was 7.55

m. However, the deepest water table estimated at AH-16
and AH-17 which was 24.38 m.

• AH-14, AH-18, AH-19, AH-22 are favorable for exploring

the fresh water.
References

• Schematic diagram for resistivity survey (after

Ahzegbobor, 2010)
• IPI2WIN-1D computer programme 2000; Zananiri et al.
2006; Sultan et al. 2009; Akhter et al. 2012.
• (Martinelli 1978; Muchingami et al. 2012).