Microsoft Excell

Text functions
 Concatenate(text1,text2,..)
• Joins two or more strings into one text string
 Dollar(number,decimals)
• Converts a number into a text using currency
symbol with rounding option

• -ve then left

• Default is 2
 Exact(text1,text2)
• Compares two text strings

• Returns TRUE / FALSE

• You can also use =

• Case sensitive
Find(find_text,with_in_text,start_num
ber)
• To find a string in a string

• Default start_number is 1

• If doesn’t find gives #value!

• You can’t use wild cards

 Fixed(number,decimals,no_commas)
• Rounds the number and converts into text

• No_commas is FALSE then commas included

• -ve then to the left of decimal

• Default decimals is 2
 Left(text,no_of_char)
• Returns the characters from the left

• Default is one
 Right(text,no_of_char)
• Returns characters from the right

• Default is 1
 Len(text)
• Returns the number of characters in a string
 Lower(text)
• Converts the text into lower case

• The characters other than alphabets are not

affected
 Mid(text,start_no,num_char)
• Used to extract characters from a specific
position

• If start number > length of string then returns

null string

• If start number < 1 then return #value!

 Proper(text)

• Converts the first letter of every word into

upper case

• Other than alphabets are not affected

 Replace(old_text,start_no,no_chars,
new_text)
• Used to replace a text in a text
 Rept(text,no_of_times)
• Repeats the text given no of times
Search(find_text,with_in_text,start_no
)
• Determines the location of the text

• If not found returns #value! Error

• You can use wild cards

Substitute(text,oldtext,newtext,instanc
eno)
• Use when you want to replace a text

• Use to replace a text that occurs in a specific

position
 T(value)
• If the value is a text returns the text

• If it is not a text returns a null string

 Text(VALUE,FORMAT)
• Converts a value into a text in a given format
 Trim(text)
• Removes all spaces except one space between
words
 Upper(text)
• Converts the lower case characters into upper
case
 Value(text)
• Converts a text into a number
Logical functions
 And (logical1,logical2,..)
• 1 to 255 logical conditions
 False()
• Returns the logical value FALSE

• You can type FALSE

 True()
• Returns the logical value TRUE

• You can also type TRUE

 Or(logical1,logical2,..)
• 1 to 255 logical conditions
 Iferror(value,value_if_error)
• Value is checked for an error

• Value_if_error is the value returned if is an

error

• The errors evaluated #N/A, #VALUE! #REF!

#DIV/0! #NUM! #NULL! #NAME?
Date and time functions
 Date(year,month,day)
• Year can be one digit to four digit number

• 1900 date system

• Month 1 to 12 ( -ve )

• Date 1 to 31 (-ve)

• Date is stored as a sequential number 1.1.1900 as

1
 Day(serial_number)
• Date should be entered using date function

• Returns the day of the date ( 1 to 31 )

 Datevalue(date_text)
• Returns the serial number of the date

• Date_text must be enclosed in quotation

• Date must be from 1.01.1900 to 31.12.9999

Days360(start_date,end_date,method)
• Returns the numbers of days between two
dates

• Assumes 30 days per month

• Method ( Europe or US ) - FALSE / OMITTED

for US , TRUE for Europe
 Edate(start_date,months)
• Used to calculate maturity date or due date

• Returns the serial number that represents the

date indicated in the months

• Months can be +ve ( gives after ) –ve ( gives

previous )
 Eomonth(start_date,months)
• Returns the serial number for the last day of
the month indicated in the month

• Month can be +ve ( next month ) or –ve (

previous month )
 Month(serial_number)
• Returns the month of the serial number given
 Now()
• Returns the serial number of the current date and
time

• If the cell has a GENERAL format , the number to

the left of the decimal point represents date and
the right of the decimal point represents time

• If it is not in GENERAL format then it will display

in date format
 Hour(serial_number)
• Returns the hour of a time value

• It is given as an integer ( 0 to 23 )
 Minute(serail_number)
• Returns the minutes

• The number is from 0 to 59

Networkdays(start_date,end_date,holi
days)
• Returns the number of whole working days
between start date and end date

• Holidays is optional range .

 Time(hour,minute,second)
• Returns the decimal number for a particular time

• The value from 0 to 0.99999999

• The cell format is GENERAL other wise it will

display as date

• Hour 0 to 32767 , minute 0 to 32767 , second 0 to

32767
 Timevalue(time_text)
• Returns the decimal number of the time
represented by time text

• The value is 0 to 0.99999999

 Today()
• Returns the serial number of the current date

• The cell must be in GENERAL format other

wise displayed as a date
Weekday(serial_number,return_type)
• Returns the day of the week

• The number is from 1 ( Sunday ) to 7

(Saturday)

• Return type 1 means – Sunday 1 , Saturday 7

2 means – Monday 1 , Sunday 7
3 means – Monday 0 , Sunday 6
Weeknum(serial_number,return_type)
• Returns the number that indicates where the
week falls numerically within a year

• Date must be entered using date functions

• Return type is a number that determines on

which day the week begins . Default is 1 i.e.
Sunday . 2 means the week begins on Monday
•
Workday(start_date,days,holidays)
• Returns the serial number of the date before
or after specified number of days
 Year(serial_number)
• Returns the year

• Cell should be GENERAL format

 Yearfrac(start_date,end_date,basis)
• Calculates the fraction of year represented by
the number of whole days between two dates

• Basis can be 0 ( default ) 30/360 (US )

1 actual / actual
2 actual / 360
3 actual / 365
4 European 30/360
 Second(serial_number)
• Returns the second

• The value is from 0 to 59

Math & trig. Functions
 Abs(number)
• Returns the absolute value of the number
 Combin(number,number_chosen)
• Returns the number of combinations for a
given number of times
 Even(number)
• Rounds a +ve number up and –ve number
down to the nearest even integer
 Exp(numnber)
• Returns e raised to the power number

• The constant e equals 2.71828182845904

 Fact(number)
• Returns the factorial of a number
 Factdouble(number)
• Returns the double factorial of a number

• N!! = n (n-2) (n- 4 ) … (4) (2 ) in case of even

• N!! = n ( n-2) (n-4)… …(3)(1) in case of odd

 Ceiling(number,significance)
• Number – is the number you want to round

• Significance – is the multiple to which you want

to round

• Number and significance must have the same

sign other wise error

• Rounds the number up , to nearest integer or to

the nearest multiple of significance
 Degrees(angle)
• Converts radians into degrees
 Floor(number,singinficance)
• Rounds a number down , toward zero , to the
nearest multiple of significance
 Gcd(number1,number2,…)
• Returns the greatest common divisor from
two or more integers

• You have a maximum of 255 integers

• If any number is –ve gives #NUM error

non numeric #value! Error
 Int(number)
• Returns the number to the nearest integer
 Lcm(number1,number2,…)
• Returns the least common multiple of integers

• You have a maximum of 255 numbers

• The error messages

#value! In case of nonnumeric
#num! in case of –ve
 Ln(number)
• Returns the natural logarithm of a number

• The number should be +ve

• It is inverse of EXP() function

 Log(number,base)
• Returns the logarithm of a number of the
given base

• Number should be +ve

• If base is omitted , assumes 10

 Log10(number)
• Returns the logarithm of a number to the base
10

• The number should be +ve

 Mdeterm(array)
• Returns the matrix determinant

• Array should have equal number of rows and columns

• Array can be a range or constants enclosed in

{row;row;..}

• Returns #value! Error in case of any text / empty / do

not have equal no of rows and columns

• Returns accurately up to 16 digits

 Minverse(array)
• Returns matrix inverse

• The array should have equal no of rows and columns

• Results are accurate up to 16 digits

• Array can be a range or constants enclosed in { ; }

• It returns #num! incase if the determinant is zero

• After entering the formula in the cell , press enter key . Now select
the inverse matrix range keeping the cell pointer in the formula cell
then press F2 followed by CTRL + SHIFT + ENTER to get the inverse
matrix
 Mmult(array1,arry2)
• Returns the product of two matrices

• The matrix multiplication rule must be followed

• Enter the mult() formula followed by enter key

• Select the matrix range from formula cell then

Use F2 FOLLOWD BY CTRL + SHIFT + ENTER to
see the product matrix
 Mod(number,divisor)
• Returns the reminder

• Returns #div/0 in case of division by zero

 Mround(number,multiple)
• Returns a number rounded to the desired
multiple

• Both should be of the same sign

Multinomial(number1,number2,..)
• Returns the ratio of the factorial of a sum of
values to the product of factorials

• You can have a maximum of 255 numbers

• The argument should be numeric other wise

#value! Error in case of non-numeric
#num! error in case of –ve value

Multinomial(a,b,c) = ( a+b+c) ! / a!b!c!

 Odd(number)
• Returns number rounded up to the nearest
odd integer
 Pi()
• Returns PI values

• Accurate up to 15 digit number

 Power(number,power)
• Returns the result of a number raised to a
power
 Product(number1,number2,..)
• Multiply all the numbers given as argument
and returns the product

• You can have a maximum of 255 numbers

Quotient(numerator,denominator)
• Returns integer portion of a division

• Use this function when you want to discard

the remainder of the division

• Returns #value! Error in case of non-numeric

data
 Radians(angle)
• Converts degree into to radians
 Rand()
• Returns a random number

• It is a real number

• Greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1

• To generate a random number between a and b

use,
rand() * (b-a)+a
 Randbetween(bottom,top)
• Returns a random integer between the
numbers you specify
 Round(number,num_digit)
• Rounds a number to a specified number of
digits

• If num_digit is –ve rounding will take place in

the integer portion
 Rounddown(number,num_degits)
• Rounds a number down towards zero
 Roundup(number,num_digits)
• Rounds a number up , away from zero
 Sign(number)
• Returns the sign of a number

• 1 in case of +ve
• 0 in case of 0
• -1 in case of –ve
 SQRT(NUMBER)
• Returns the square root of a number

• #num! error in case the given number is –ve

 Sqrtpi(number)
• Returns the square root of ( number * pi )
Subtotal(function_num,ref1,ref2,..)
• Returns subtotals in a list or database

• The same can be done with data tab -> outline group ->
subtotal command

• Function number can be 1 to 11 which includes the

hidden rows OR 101 to 111 to ignore hidden rows

• Each function number specifies a function

• Ref1,ref2,… can be a maximum of 254

Subtotal(function_num,ref1,ref2,..)
Function number ( which F8unction number ( which Function
includes hidden rows ) ig9nores hidden rows )
1 101 AVERAGE
2 102 COUNT
3 103 COUNTA
4 104 MAX
5 105 MIN
6 106 PRODUCT
7 107 STDEV
8 108 STDEVP
9 109 SUM
10 110 VAR
11 111 VARP
SUMPRODUCT(ARRAY1,ARRAY2,..)
• Multiplies corresponding components in the
given arrays and returns the sum of those
products

• You can have a maximum of 255 arrays and

minimum is 2

• The dimension should be same

 Sumsq(number1,number2,..)
• Returns the sum of the squares of the
arguments

• Arguments can be range names , arrays

• You can have a maximum of 255 arguments

 Sumx2my2(array1,array2)
• Returns the sum of the difference of
corresponding values in two arrays

• Sumx2my2 = Σ(x2 – y2)

Information functions
 Type()
• Determines whether a cell contains text or
number or logical value or an array or an error
value

• Returns 1 for number or blank cell

2 for text
4 for logical value
16 for an error value
64 for an array value
 ERROR.TYPE()
• Detects different types of error values

• Returns 1 for #NULL!

2 for #DIV/0!
3 for #VALUE!
4 for #REF!
5 for #NAME!
6 for #NUM!
7 for #N/A!
 COUNTBLANK()
• Returns number of blank cells in the range

• Null string cells will not be counted .

• A null string is one whose length is zero but

will be displayed as blank
 ISBLANK(value)
• The value argument reference to a cell

• Returns True if it is blank other wise False

• The argument should be only one cell address

 ISERROR(value)
• The argument is a cell address

• Returns TRUE if the error is #div/0 #N/A

#value #NUM #REF #NAME #NULL else
returns FALSE
 ISERR(VALUE)
• The argument is a cell address

• Returns TRUE for all errors except #N/A!

 ISLOGICAL(value)
• The argument refers a singe cell

• Returns TRUE if the argument is logical other

wise FALSE