CIVIL WORKS

INDEX

 EXCAVATION AND BACK FILLING

 SURVEY
 CONCRETE WORK
REFERNCE STANDARDS

 SAES-A-114
 SAES-Q-001
 SAES-Q-005
 SASES-Q-010
 SAES-Q-011
EXCVATION BACK FILLING

 SOIL SAMPLING
 DRAINAGE AND DEWATERING
 SAFETY PROCTECTION
 FILL AND BACK FILL
 COMPACTION
SOIL SAMPLING

 MAIN TYPE OF SOIL PRESENT IN SAUDI ARABIA ARE

 DUNE SAND
 GENERAL FILL MATERIAL
 FILL MATERIAL
 SELECT FILL MATERIAL
 MARL
 SABKHA
 ROCK(HARD ROCK,SOFT ROCK ,STABLE ROCK)
SOIL SAMPLING

 MEANS SOIL COLLECTING AND SEND TO LABORATORY

 TEST REPORT GIVES FOLLOWING RESULT
 SIEVE ANALYSIS
 MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY
 OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT
 LIQUID LIMIT
 PLASTICITY INDEX
 CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL
 SIEVE ANALYSIS.
PERCENTAGE OF SOIL RETAINED AND
PASSING THROUGH DIFFERENT SIZE
OF SIEVE
SAMPLE PICTURE SIEVE ANALYSIS
DENSITY OF SOIL

 WET DENSITY AND DRY DENSITY

 wet, density of soil, is the ratio of the total mass of soil to its total volume
and can be defined as
 DRY DENSITY MEANS rd = dry unit weight of soil, lbf/ft3 (kN/m3 ),
 RELATIVE DENSITY = { (rmax(rd-rmin))/ rd(rmax-rmin) }*100
maximum and minimum density of soil determined by soil report
Actual density of soil obtained from field density test
Moisture content of soil

 Moisture Content is calculated with the following formula:

 MC = 100% ∗ (Wwt − Wdt)/ Wdt − Wt
 Where: MC = the moisture content Wwt = the weight of the moisture
specimen with tare Wdt = the weight of the dried specimen with tare Wt =
the weight of the container
 Tare means container weight
 As per SAES-A-114-SEC-6.3.2.7 The moisture content of the material being
compacted shall be within 3%, plus or minus, of the optimum moisture
content as determined by ASTM D1557.
 However, for cohesion less free draining soils when ASTM D4253/ASTM D4254
are the appropriate test procedures, there is no applicable optimum moisture
content.
Different type of earth work equipment's

 EXCAVATOR,COMPACTOR MEACHINE (HAND COMPACTOR,MECHANICAL

COMPACTOR),TROXELER USED FOR MEASUIRING DENSITY AND MOSITURE
CONTENT
EQUIPMENT WHICH ARE USED IN EARTH
WORK

EXCAVATOR HAND COMPACTOR

MECHANICAL COMPACTOR
TROXELER SURVEY METER TLD
DEVICE
Working of Troxeler, TLD device ,survey
meter
 Troxeler gauge can quickly and precisely determine the moisture and density of
soil , soil bases, aggregates , asphaltic concrete
 DENSITY :Using direct transmission or back scattered gamma radiation , the gauge
determine the density of materials by counting the number of photons emitted by
cesium 137 source. Gauge Muller (gm) lcated in the gauge base detect the gamma
radiation and a micro processor converts the counts in to density reading.
 MOISTURE: using the principle of neutron thermalization, gauge determine
moisture content and soil like material. Hydrogen in the materials slows neutron
emitted from an americium-241:beryllium source. Helium 3 detectors located in
the gauge base detect the slow neutrons.

 REBAR type sesmic non sesmic,fbe coated rebar,astm-a-775

 Concrete genrally by saes-q-001. finishing
SURVEY (REFERNECE

TO TRANSMIT EXCAT CO ORDINATES&ELEVATION FROM DRAWING TO SITE.

EQUIPMENT USED IN SITE FOR SURVEYING

DUMPY LEVEL , CROSS STAFF, PRISOM, TOTAL STATION

 prism
Cross staff Dumpy level
TOTAL STATION
ELEVATION CHECKING BY DUMPY LEVEL
 STATIO
BS HI FS ELEV REMARKS
N

BM
A 2.45 100.00 ELEVATIO
N
102.45 AT
STATION A

moved
TP1 0.60 101.85
inst.

1.70

B 103.55 top of hill

REQUIRED HEIGHT FOR THE STAFF READING=HEIGHT OF

INSTRUMENT -REQUIRED HEIGHT IN DRAWING
Total station method

 Surveyor will insert the bench mark elevation and co ordinates in to the total
station data and save the data then implement the exact elevation and co
ordinates the which given in the drawing.
 Actual northing easting and exact elevation of the structure or what ever
should be implemented will shows in total station.