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Types of Networks- Components

There are five basic components in a


telecommunications network viz. i) terminals, ii)
telecommunication processors , iii)
telecommunication channels, iv) computers and
v) telecommunication software
Terminals such as networked PC’s, mini or main
frame computers or other information appliances
. Any input/output device that uses telecom
network to transmit or receive data is a terminal
including telephones
Tele communication Processors:
- These support data transmission and reception
between terminals and computers .
- These devices such as modems, switches,
routers perform a variety of control and support
functions in telecommunication network such as
convert data from digital to analog and vice versa,
code/decode data, control speed, accuracy,
routing etc. for efficient flow of communication
over network
Telecommunication Cannels:
These are over which data are transmitted and
received.
Channels use media such as copper wires ,
coaxial cables, fiber optic cables or wireless
such as microwave, communication satellite,
radio, cellular systems to interconnect with
other components of telecom network
Computers:
- Computers of all sizes and types are
interconnected by telecom networks so that
they carry out information processing function
- In a large network, a mainframe can serve as
host computer with mini computer as front
end processor, where as in a small network a
Personal Computer will be sufficient to act as
a host
Telecommunication Control Software:
- It consists of programs that control
telecommunications activities and manage
functions of these networks
- such as telecom monitors which monitor
activity over network and maintain logs
- Network operating systems for network
servers such as windows server, mail servers
- web browsers for microcomputers
Types of Telecommunication Networks
Many types of networks serve as
telecommunications infrastructure for the
internet , intranets, extranets of internetworked
enterprise. However, from end user perspective
there are only few basic types i.e.
i) Wide Area Network -WAN
ii) Local Area Network- LAN
iii) Client server network
iv) peer to peer networks
Wide Area Networks
-These cover a large geographical area
- These can cover a city or a large metropolitan
area
- Such networks can enable many business and
government organizations and their end users
- WAN’s can be used by multi-national corporations
to transmit/receive information among
employees/customers/suppliers/and other
organizations across cities , regions, nations etc.
Local Area Networks
- These connect computers and other processing
devices such as switches, hubs etc. over a limited
physical area like office, building, a manufacturing
plant to link end users in
offices/departments/workgroups etc.
- LAN’s use media such as coaxial cable, wireless,
infrared systems to connect computers and processing
devices/ peripherals
- To communicate each computer like PC has a network
interface card to enable communication with other
computers and devices
- In LAN most powerful microcomputer is used
as a network server( which has Network
Operating System ) ; it controls
communication and sharing of resources in
that network
A LAN : sharing hardware software and data
resources

PC Shared
PC PC
database
and
Software
Network
Server

Shared
PC PC Shared
Hard
Disk Printer

Inter Network
Processor
Client- Server Networks
-Client server networks are dominant information
architecture of enterprise wide computing
- end user Personal Computer/Network computer
work station are clients
- Clients are interconnected by LANs and share
application processing with network
servers(servers manage networks)
- This client server arrangement is called 2-tier
arrangement
- Local Area networks are also inter connected
to other LAN’s and WAN’s
- Client server architecture is replacing large
main frame computer systems with many
terminals(legacy systems)
- Client server networks are economical ,
flexible for meeting organizational business
needs such as banks
Function of computer in client- server network

Client Mainframe
system Servers Large Servers

The growing reliance on computer hardware, software, and


resources on internet, intranet, extranet and other networks
means a network centric concept of computing resorces
Peer to Peer Networks
- emergence of peer to peer networking
technologies and applications has major
impact on e-business/e-commerce and
internet itself
- It is a powerful telecommunication network
type for many business applications
- There are two major models of peer to peer
networking viz. Central server model and Pure
peer to peer model
Central server model

Peer to peer network architecture with a directory of all peers


on central server
- P2P file sharing software connects client with
to central server that contains directory of all
other peers
- when file is requested the server will search
directory to ascertain if any peer has that file
or is in touch with that peer to automatically
transfer the file.
- It makes a peer to peer connection
Pure peer to peer model

Pure peer to peer network has no central directory


server
- File sharing software in peer to peer network
connects your PC with one of online users in the
network and subsequently all online users on
network which has file
- When you request file it is transferred to your
system( software searches all users and sends a
link)
- Central directory model is slow but provides
integrity/security of content
- pure P2P network are fast but can bring in bogus
corrupt files
Virtual Private Network

router Network Inter


Firewall net
Intranet
Server

Network
Firewall

Router

Intranet Extranet
Server Server

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