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Chung-Kuan Cheng
UC San Diego
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Outlines
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I. Transmission Line Model
i(z,t)
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I. Interconnect Model
• Telegrapher’s equation:
dV ( z , t ) dI ( z , t )
RI ( z , t ) L
dz dt
dI ( z , t ) dV ( z , t )
C GV ( z , t )
dz dt
• Propagation Constant:
( R jL)(G jC) j
• Wave Propagation:
z jz jt
V ( z, t ) V0 e ,v z / t /
• Characteristic Impedance
Z ( R jL) /(G jC)
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I. Interconnect Model
• Propagation Constant:
( R jL)(G jC) j
1
j 4 ( LC ) 2 2 [( LG ) 2 ( RC ) 2 ] ( RG ) 2 RG 2 LC
2
1
j 4 ( LC ) 2 2[( LG ) 2 ( RC ) 2 ] ( RG ) 2 RG 2 LC
2
• Wave Propagation:
z jz jt
V ( z, t ) V0 e ,v z / t /
• Characteristic Impedance
Z ( R jL) /(G jC)
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I. Interconnect Model (Constants)
4 107 H / m
/ 376.8
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II. Spectrum of Configurations ( R jL)(G jC) j
RLGC R L G C
0001 ( jwC ) Capacitance
0010 ( G ) Shunt
0011 ( G + jwC ) Leaky Capacitance
0100 ( jwL ) Inductance
0101 ( jwL )( jwC ) Lossless LC Line
0110 ( jwL )( G ) Skin Effect Derivation
0111 ( jwL )( G + jwC ) Skin Effect + Permitivity
1000 ( R ) Resistance
1001 ( R )( jwC ) RC Line
1010 ( R )( G ) Leaky Resistance
1011 ( R )( G + jwC ) Leaky RC Line
1100 ( R + jwL ) Lossy Inductance
1101 ( R + jwL )( jwC ) Lossy LC Line
1110 ( R + jwL )( G ) Lossy and Leaky Inductance
1111 ( R + jwL )( G + jwC ) Transmission Line
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III. Skin Effect
( R jL)(G jC ) Assuming that resistance and capacitance
are negligible.
jLG
LG LG
j
2 2
Skin Depth
2
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III. Skin Effect
Boundary condition:
• Charges at the
boundary shield the
electric field.
• Thus, capacitance C
does not change with
frequency.
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IV. Coaxial Cable
ln( b / a) 60
Z0 ln( b / a)
2 r
1 1 1 2 R
R ( ), ,
2 a b 2Z 0
d
0 ln b / a 1 a / b
da
b / a 3.6 Z 0 77
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IV. Coaxial Cable: Inductance
a Ir2
b I
( r , b) dr dr
r 2r a 2 a 2r
I I
(a r )
2 2
ln b / a
4a 2
2
a I
LI (r , b) 2 2rdr
2
0 a
L ln b / a
8 2
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IV. Coaxial Cable: Inductance
I I
Li I rdr
0 p 2p
1 1 1
Li ,R
2 p p 2 p p 2
R Li
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IV. Coaxial Cable: Inductance
( ) I 0 (a j )
Zi /m
2a I1 (a j )
( ) j /( j )
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IV. Coaxial Cable: Impedance
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IV. Coaxial Cable: Impedance
R RDC
2
RAC
2
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Skin Effect
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