computing ESSENTIALS 

CHAPTER
Input and
Output

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computing ESSENTIALS 

Competencies

Input devices
Digitizing
Output devices
Multifunctional devices
Telephony
Terminals

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Input
 Data or instructions
 Directly from user
 From other sources
 Input device
 Hardware to provide input to computer

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Input Devices
 Keyboards
 Pointing devices
 Scanners
 Image capture
devices
 Audio capture

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Keyboards
 Most common input device
 Characters, numbers, symbols converted to
electrical signal
 Typewriter keyboard, numeric keypad, special
keys
 Navigation keys
 Function keys
 Windows key

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Keyboards
 Toggle keys
 Turns a feature on or off
 Caps Lock
 Combination keys
 Held down in combination with another key
 Control key, Alt key

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Pointing Devices
 Control a pointer on the
monitor
 Used to select buttons,
menus, links
 Mouse
 Most common pointing
device
 Mechanical

 Optical

 Wireless

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Pointing Devices
 Trackball
 Move roller ball with thumb

 Touch surface
 Move finger across surface of pad

 Tap to select

 Pointing stick
 Middle of keyboard

 Move with finger

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Pointing Devices
 Joystick
 Popular for computer games

 User grips stick to maneuver

 Touch screen
 Special monitor

 Screen layer with crisscrossed beams of

infrared light
 Select by touching screen directly

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Scanning Devices
 Copy data from a source
 Types of scanners
 Optical scanner
 Bar code readers
 Character and Mark recognition

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Optical Scanners
 Copy text or images
 Can be displayed, printed, or stored
 Types of optical scanners
 Flatbed scanner

 Source placed on glass surface

 Image scanned from below

 Portable scanner

 Handheld device that slides across

source
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Bar Code Readers

 Photoelectric scanner
 Read bar codes
 Alternating black & white vertical bars

 Universal Product Code (UPC)

 Seen in grocery stores, retail stores

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Character & Mark Recognition

 Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)
 Reads magnetically encoded characters
 Optical-character recognition (OCR)
 Reflects light off special preprinted
characters
 Optical-mark recognition (OMR)
 Senses presence or absence of marks

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Image Capturing Devices

 Create or capture original images
 Digital camera
 Image recorded digitally to memory

 Digital video cameras

 Capture motion

 Webcams
 Capture images for broadcast on Internet

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Digitizing Devices
 Capture sketches, maps, drawings
 Flat surface, writing device
 Types
 Graphics tablets

 Special tablet, stylus

 Digital notebook
 Regular paper, pen

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Audio-Input Devices
 Convert sound into digital format
 Voice recognition system
 Operate computer by voice command

 Dictation

 Microphone, sound card, software

 Discrete
 Continuous

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Voice Recognition Systems

Types
 Recognize individual words based on sound
 Discrete-speech recognition
 Cannot distinguish same-sound words
 Continuous-speech recognition
 Can distinguish same-sound words
 Evaluates context of words

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Output
 Processed data from a computer
 Text, graphics, photos, audio, video
 Common output devices
 Monitor
 Printer
 Plotter
 Voice

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Monitors
 Most frequently used output
device
 Size is measured by diagonal
of screen
 Common sizes: 15, 17, 19,
21 inches
 Clarity is indicated by
resolution
 Measured in pixels
 More pixels = better clarity

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Monitor Standards
 Resolution capabilities indicated by a monitor’s
standard
 Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA)
 Extended Graphics Array (XGA)
 Super Extended Graphics Array (SXGA)
 Ultra Extended Graphics Array (UXGA)

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Monitor Types
 Cathode-Ray Tubes (CRT)
 Most common

 Flat-panel monitors
 Passive-matrix

 Active-matrix

 eBook readers
 Data projectors
 High-definition television (HDTV)
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Printers
 Produces hard copy output
 Ink-jet printer
 Sprays droplets of ink
 Laser printer
 Laser produced images
 Thermal printer
 Heated element produce image on heat
sensitive paper
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Other Printers
 Dot-matrix
 Series of pins on print head

 Inexpensive, not high quality

 Chain printer
 Used on networks

 Plotter
 Maps, architectural drawings

 High quality, larger sized output

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Audio Output Devices

 Translate computer data into understandable
sounds
 MP3 files
 Components
 Sound card
 Speaker system or headphones

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Combination Input/Output
Devices
 Devices are combined into one device
 Save room

 Specialized applications

 Fax machine
 Multifunctional device
 Telephony
 Terminals

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Fax Machine
 Facsimile transmission machine
 Sends and receives images across telephone
lines
 Fax/modem board
 Give computer same capability

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Multifunctional Device
 Combines
 Scanner

 Printer

 Fax machine

 Copying machine

 Cost effective
 Saves space
 Popular in small offices or home

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Telephony
 Uses Internet rather than traditional
communication lines
 Requires
 Internet telephone
 Internet
 Special service provider

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Terminals
 Devices connected to servers
 Input and output
 Types
 Dumb terminal

 Intelligent terminal

 Network terminal

 Internet terminal

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A Look to the Future

 Brain-machine interface
 Signal interceptor in brain translates into
action on the computer
 Restore mobility to paralyzed
 Prosthetic limbs
 Virtual reality

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