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 Background
Christians share a belief in one God who created the
world and in the human form of God in Jesus Christ
(the Messiah).
Jesus was born to a Jewish family and lived in Palestine
about 2000 years ago.
– He was born in Bethlehem (part of Judea), but raised in
Galilee.
– His father, Joseph was a General builder and Mary was
his mother.
 When Jesus was about 30 years old, he was publicly
claimed by John the Baptist, his cousin, and he joined
John, who had a substantial following.
– After John was executed, Jesus returned to Galilee and
began a three-year ministry of teaching and healing,
and then gathered many followers, in particular 12
male disciples.
– Jesus preached directly and communicated to large
groups of ordinary people and often challenged the
prevailing teachings of the Jewish religious leaders. He
communicated some messages through moral stories,
later called the Parables.
 Jesus successfully healed people with serious illnesses
and is believed to have raised at least one person from
death, and he also performed a number of miracles.
– Jesus emerges from the accounts in the New Testament
as a charismatic figure, but he did not fit the role of
messiah in a way convenient to the religious authorities.
Firstly he came from Galilee, and secondly he was
openly critical of some of the practices of the religious
hierarchy, accused some of the priest of hypocrisy and
resolutely refused to take sides on the political issues of
Roman occupation.
In the last part of his ministry Jesus prepared his 12
disciples to carry on his teachings, since he anticipated
his own death. Jesus went to Jerusalem for the festival of
Pesach (also called Passover)where he was welcomed
enthusiastically by the population. Within a week, he
then was delivered to the Roman authorities through
the actions of the local Jewish religious leaders and one
of his disciples, Judas. Jesus was convicted of
blasphemy and charge of sedition (being a traitor) by
the Roman governor, Pontius Pilate, and then he was
crucified.
Two days later some of Jesus’ disciples found his tomb
empty. He appeared to individuals and groups of his
followers over a few weeks, emphasizing the importance
of his teachings and their responsibility to continue.
About 40 days after his death, Jesus ascended into
heaven. Then, the early Christians spread the teachings
not only with the Jewish people, but also to non-Jewish
communities and cultures around the world.
 Key beliefs
Christians believe that, although Jesus was born of
Mary, his father was God and not Joseph. It is believed
that, through his death, Jesus offers salvation to those
who recognize the truth.
Christians are monotheistic: worshipping the one God.
However this supreme being is believed to exist in three
forms:
1. As God who is perceived as a heavenly Father,
2. Jesus who was God’s Son on earth, and
3. As the power of the Holy Spirit (or Holy Ghost)
– This threefold nature of God is called the Trinity.
– Catholic, place a strong emphasis on the importance of
Christ’s mother, the Virgin Mary, and different saints.
They may pray to God through these saints.
Christians believe that there is only one life and
that, after death, believers are united with God in
Heaven, and the unbelievers will go to hell, a place of
torment and suffering. Humans are regarded are
essentially sinful and rebellious, but able to redeemed
through penitence and commitment to God.
Some Christian groups promote equality between men
and women. Others take the view that women are
inferior and possibly a source of sin, a reference to the
story of the creation (Genesis in the Old Testament) in
which the first woman, Eve, tempted Adam, the first
man, to eat from the Tree of Knowledge.
 Writings and holy books
The Bible
– The Christian holy book is the Bible, which is in two
parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament.
Some additional are known as the Apocrypha.
– Both the Old and New Testaments are subdivided into
many sections, written by different people at different
historical times and translated into other languages. The
books of the Old Testament are shared with Judaism
but are interpreted differently. Christians believe the
Old Testament predicts the birth of Christ as
Messiah, whereas Jews believe the Messiah is still to
come.
– Jews do not dispute that Jesus was a historical figure, but
they disagree with the Christian belief that he was the
long-awaited Messiah.
The 27 books of the New Testament are specific to
Christianity as they recount the life of Christ, his
followers and the spread of the Christian faith beyond
Palestine. Four Gospel, written by Matthew, Mark, Luke
and John, provide slightly different versions of the
birth, life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Christians believe that their lives should be partly guided
by the Ten Commandment, given in the book of Exodus
in the Old Testament.
 Stories of the saints
– Other important stories for Christians derive from the
accounts of lives of the special men and women who
have led a life that has been outstanding or have shown
great qualities of goodness. Christian saints have been
officially recognised (canonised) by the Catholic or
Orthodox Church, usually long after their death.
 Worship

Church-protestant or catholic
Chapel- methodist or baptist
Meeting house- quakers
Kingdom hall- jehovah’s witness
Icons- which are paintings of the holy family or
of saints and are intended as focus for worship.
Creed- is a statement of shared religious belief.
Lord’s prayer- series of petitions for protection
and help to God as the father
 Religious Leaders

Minister- one officiating or assisting the officiant

in the church worship.
Priest- one authorized to perform the sacred
rites of a religion especially as mediatory agent
between humans and God.
Vicar- one serving as a substitute or agent.
 Religious ceremonies
Sacrament-
1. Baptism
2. Confirmation
3. Eucharist
4. Reconciliation or Penance
5. Anointing of the Sick
6. Holy Orders
7. Matrimony
Holy communion- this events symbolizes the last
supper which Christ took with his followers
before his death and a reaffirmation of the faith
of the congregation.
 Important symbols

Cross- is a significant symbol because Christ is

believed to have died on the cross of crucifix to
redeem the sins of humankind.
 Rituals and ceremonies

Naming and initiation

Christening- ceremonies bring the child or adult
into contact with holy water, either through a small
amount marked into a cross on the forehead.
Water- symbolizes the washing away of original
sin.
Confirmation- girls usually wear white as a
symbol of purity and boys wear smart, sober
outfits, possibly dark trousers and a white shirt
 Weddings
Christian weddings are a religious service but
have also absorbed cultural traditions over
centuries.
Bride- wear white as a symbol of virginity and
carry a bouquet as a symbol of life
Wedding ring- symbol of eternity and that the
couple is expected to stay together for life.
Throwing of rice or paper confetti- fertility and the
hope of children from the union.
 Funerals
The funerals service marks the death of a
person, remembrance of their life and
confidence in life after death.
Mourners- traditionally wear black or dark colors
and respect is often shown by bringing flowers.
 Some services are kept very simple, but others
may be very elaborate, sometimes followed by a
social gathering of the mourners. This is known
as a:
Wake- deceased person is remembered.

The Christian service used always to be one of

burial, but cremations are acceptable now for some
denominations.
 Festivals
Of the religious celebrations described in this section
only CHIRTMAS has fixed date. The first day of
EASTER weekend, GOO FRIDAY, is always the
Friday following the first full moon of the spring
equinox, which is one of the two points in the year
when day and night are of equal length. Consequently,
Easter is variable date, falling within March of April
and the many days of religious significance linked with
Easter move accordingly
LENT lasts from ASH WEDNESDAY to HOLY
SATURDAY of the Easter weekend. The time marks
the 40 days that Christ spent in the wilderness, when
Christmas believe that he resisted the temptations
offered by the devil and found the strength to start his
teaching.
EASTER is celebrated in March and April. Although
Christmas has become a very significant secular
celebration. The Holy Week ending in Easter Sunday
starts with Palm Sunday, a celebration of Christ’s entry
into Jerusalem riding on a humble donkey, when he
was greeted by the local population with palm fronds.
Ascension Day is the celebration of Christian belief
that, 40 days after his death, Christ disappeared from
early life, not through death, but through being drawn
into heaven with God his Father.
Whit Sunday follows ten days later. Also called
Pentecost, it is the celebration of how the Holy Spirit
came to Christ’s remaining disciples, inspiring them to
continue his teachings.
Harvest Festival is a very ancient celebration of
thanks for the year’s crops. It was absorbed by
Christianity and is celebrated and is celebrated
on a Sunday in September or October.
Churches often have a display of food, which
traditionally is distributed to the less well-off
people of the parish.
Christmas Day is celebrated on the 25th December by
western Church and 6th January by the Eastern
Church. The festival marks the birth of Jesus
Christ, believed to be the Son of God, although he was
born to a human mother, Mary. Advent is the four
weeks that lead up to Christmas. Christians may attend
Midnight Mass on Christmas eve and this service is a
special Holy Communion.
 Application to daily Living
FOOD AND DRINK
There are no consistent rules about diet that apply
across Christianity. Some Christian’s quotes of the
Bible to support an anti-vegetarian stance: that God
provided the creatures for the express use of
humankind, including their nutritional needs. Some
Christians avoid alcohol, for example Mormons and
some Baptists and Methodists.
Periods of fasting or giving up particular foods used to be
common practice within the Christian faith but are much
less usual now. Some Christians still avoid meat on
Fridays because of the link to Good Friday, when Christ
died on the cross. Some give up one of two foods for
Lent to remember the testing of Christ in the wilderness.
The type of food given up for Lent is now usually a
treat, like sugar in coffee or eating chocolate. Catholics
may fast on Ash Wednesday, the first day of Lent.
Christians from the Orthodox Church are more likely to
continue to follow the religious traditions of avoiding
meat, eggs and milk products for all of Lent.
PILGRIMAGES
Special journeys to show religious commitment and to
strengthen religious faith used to be common in
Christianity. The ancient path along the survey Downs
is still Known as the Pilgrims’ Way. Christian
Pilgrimage still occurs, for instance:

Catholics make journey to Rome to be part of the large

audiences addresses by the Pope, the spiritual leader of
the Catholic Christian community.
Some Christian make Pilgrimage to Lourdes in France
in order to seek relief from their own pain of illness, or
relative.
There is once evidence that the onset of the millennium
in the year of 2000 has spurred a revival of interest in
pilgrimage, with large gatherings expected at what were
important sacred sites in previous centuries.