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of the
Commons”
Presented By:
Nur ‘Izzati Azhari
WHO IS GARRETT
HARDIN??
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Garrett James Hardin
picture was a leading ecologist and
biologist from Dallas, Texas.
The
“invisible hand” approach will not work - too
many externalities.
Tragedy of Freedoms
in a Commons
Pasture (Grassland)
Because each cattleman
benefits from increasing
the size of his herd on the
lot, and he feels only a
fraction of the negative
effects of overgrazing, any
rational cattleman would
increase the size of his
herd. Hence, overgrazing
is inevitable, and freedom
of the commons in a world
that is limited "brings ruin
to all”.
Air and Water
Assumption: each child is a net good to its parents but a net bad
to society.
The only way we can preserve and nurture other and more
precious freedoms is by relinquishing the freedom to breed