Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

Theory & Application

Engr. Zulfiqar Moor

Lecturer
Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

Course Outline
• Introduction
• Heat Conduction
• Fundamental of Convection
• Application : Heat Exchangers
• Heat Transfer from Extended Surfaces (FINS)
• Convection
• Radiation
• Mass Transfer
Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

Examples of Mass Transfer

1. Drying of Cloths
2. Evaporative cooling
3. Transpiration (or sweat) cooling
4. Ablation cooling of space vehicles
5 The rain droplets evaporates
before reaching the ground
Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

Mass transfer Fluid flow

A fluid is transported from one location to another.

Driving force

Concentration difference Pressure difference

Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

Driving force (Concentration Difference)

Air
Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

Concentration

Amount of a commodity (kg, mole) per unit volume

ρ = kg/m3 Kg/sec
Kmol/sec

Diffusion Rate

Diffusion Rate ∞ Normal area

Diffusion Rate ∞ Concentration gradient
Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass TransfeArnalogous to

Heat Transfer

ANALOGY BETWEEN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

There is close resemblance between heat and mass transfer relations.

Temperature

The driving force for heat transfer is the temperature difference. In

contrast, the driving force for mass transfer is the concentration
difference.
Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass TransfeAmrount of a

species (kg, mole)
per unit volume

Concentration
Mass Basis
Concentration is expressed in terms of density (or mass concentration),
which is mass per unit volume.

Total density of mixture:

Mass fraction of species i:

Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

Concentration
Mole Basis
Concentration is expressed in terms of molar concentration (or molar
density), which is the amount of matter in kmol per unit volume.

Total molar density of mixture:

Mole fraction of species i:

Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

Mass of 1 kmol of
the substance

Concentration
Relation between Mass and Mole Number

The mass m and mole number N of a substance are related to each

other by;
m = NM M is the molar mass (molecular weight)

ρ = CM In unit volume
Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

ANALOGY BETWEEN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

Conduction
Fourier ’s law of heat conduct ion

Fick’s law of diffusion

Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

ANALOGY BETWEEN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

Fick’s law of diffusion Unit ???

m2/sec

DAB is the diffusion coefficient (or mass

diffusivity) of the species in the mixture

ρA is the concentration of the species in the

mixture at that location.
Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

STEADY MASS DIFFUSION

THROUGH A WALL
Fick’s law of diffusion

Mass Flux
Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

STEADY MASS DIFFUSION

THROUGH A WALL
Mass Flux
Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

STEADY MASS DIFFUSION

THROUGH A WALL
Binary diffusion coefficient or mass diffusivity (Gases), DAB

DAB of CO2 in air at 1 atm and 200 K = 0.74

DAB of CO2 in air at 3 atm and 600 K = ???

Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

Binary diffusion coefficient or mass diffusivity at 1 atm

Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

STEADY MASS DIFFUSION

THROUGH A WALL
Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

STEADY MASS DIFFUSION

THROUGH A WALL
Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

STEADY MASS DIFFUSION

THROUGH A WALL

Molar basis
Mass Transfer

Heat & Mass Transfer

Thank You