INDERPRASTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GHAZIABAD

Four Weeks Summer Training Program using REVIT Structures (BIM)

A Short Lecture on
Introduction to Basic Concepts of Building Construction
On 21 May 2019
By
Asst. Prof. Ankit Rai
Department of Civil Engineering, IPEC Ghaziabad
 Outline of Presentation

 Introduction to Buildings
 Classification of Buildings
 Components of Buildings
 General Steps in Building Construction
 Miscellaneous

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 Introduction to Buildings
Department of Civil Engineering, Inderprastha Engineering College, Ghaziabad

• A building is a structure with roof and walls standing more or less

permanently in one place, such as house or factory.
• Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been
adapted throughout history for a wide number of factors, from building
materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions,
specific uses, and aesthetic reasons.
• Buildings serve several societal needs – primarily as shelter from weather,
security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live
and work.

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 Classification of Buildings

Classification of Buildings

Based on type of
Based on Occupancy
Construction

Agricultural Building Fire Resistive Building

Commercial Building Wood Framed Building
Residential Building Heavy Timber Building
Educational Building RCC Building
Government Building Steel Building
Industrial Building
Military Building
Religious building

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 Components of Buildings

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 Roof

• The structure forming the upper covering of a building including all

materials and constructions necessary to support it on the walls of the
building.
• It provides protection against rain, snow, sunlight, extremes
of temperature, and wind.
• The material of a roof consists of straw, sea grass, laminated glass, copper,
aluminium sheeting, and pre-cast concrete.
• Basic shapes of roof are flat, mono-pitched, gabled, hipped, arched and
domed.

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 Mono Pitched Roof Gabled Roof

Hipped Roof Domed Roof

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 Lintel
Department of Civil Engineering, Inderprastha Engineering College, Ghaziabad

• A lintel or lintol is a structural horizontal block that spans the space or

opening between two vertical supports.
• It is often found over portals, doors, windows and fireplaces.
• The main function of the lintel is to take loads coming from above wall and
transfer its load to the side walls.

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 Plinth Beam

• Plinth beam is the bottom most beam that support the wall.
• It is generally constructed some level above than ground to maintain
proper drainage.
• It also separates sub-structure from super-structure.

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 Window Sill

• The level between the base portion of the window and portion of the floor
above ground level (upwards) is called Sill level.
• The height of sill level depends upon the type of room for bedroom &
bathroom the height may kept around minimum 1100 mm due to privacy
concerns and in the living room the window sill level is kept at minimum
600-650 mm from the floor level.

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 Foundation

• A foundation is a lower portion of building structure that transfers its

gravity loads to the earth.
• Foundations are generally broken into two categories: shallow
foundations and deep foundations.

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 Beam

• A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally

to its axis.
• In other way beam is a structural element that is subjected to loads
perpendicular to its neutral axis.
• The main function of a beam is to transfer the load coming from slabs to
column.

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 Column

• A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural

element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure
above to other structural elements below.
• Column is a structural element that is subjected to load parallel to its
longitudinal axis.
• A column transfers the load coming from beams to the foundation.

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 General Steps in Building Construction

1. Preparation of construction site and pour foundation

2. Construction of plinth beam
3. Erection of temporary shuttering for columns and beams
4. Casting of column and beams
5. Casting of slabs
6. Erection of walls
7. Installation of plumbing and electrical work
8. Indoor and outdoor finishing and paintings

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 Preparation of site

• Geotechnical report related to site soil properties

• Construction site clearing and excavation
• Grading of project site
• Project site compaction

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 • The ground is prepared for construction by cleaning the site and by doing
earthwork.
• Once site is cleaned and prepared the excavation starts for foundation.
• After excavation concrete is poured to construct the foundation.

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 Temporary Shuttering

• Shuttering are temporary frames made of steel or timber and used for
casting concrete in a particular shape.
• Formwork is a general term used to signify all the arrangements used for
holding the fresh concrete until it attains the desired shape.
• Shuttering is the part of formwork that supports vertical surface like beam
side, column side etc.
• Scaffolding is the arrangement used to support the platform for people(e.g.
labour, supervisor, fitter, painter, carpenter etc.)

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 Temporary Shuttering

Scaffolding Shuttering

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 First Fix

• "First fix" refers to the structural work, which is done before the
plastering of a property.
Door frames

Electrical and ICT distribution

Pipework for water

Gas distribution

Stairs

Installing cables

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 Second Fix

This refers to everything that comes after plastering has finished.

It might include:
• Connecting up electrical fixtures
• Adding in sinks and baths
• Fitting doors into door frames

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 Basic Auto CAD Symbols

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 Basic Auto CAD Symbols

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 Basic Auto CAD Symbols

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 Plan of a House

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 Plan of a House

Living Room
• A living room, also called a lounge room, lounge or sitting room, is
a room in a residential house or apartment for relaxing and socializing.
• Such a room is sometimes called a front room when it is near the main
entrance at the front of the house.
Dining Room
• A dining room is a room for consuming food.
• In modern times it is usually adjacent to the kitchen for convenience in
serving.
Family Room
• A family room is an informal, all-purpose room in a house.
• The family room is designed to be a place where family and guests gather
for group recreation like talking, reading, watching TV, and other family
activities.

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 Size of Rooms

Dining Room

Living Room

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 Size of Rooms

Family Room

Kitchen

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 Size of Rooms

Bedroom

Bathroom

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 Door and Window sizes

Standard Door size

External Door: 1.0×2.0 m to 1.2×2.0 m
Internal Door: 0.9×2.0 m to 1.0×2.0 m
Bath & WC: 0.7×2.0 m to 0.8×2.0 m
Garages: 2.25×2.25 m to 2.25×2.40 m

Standard Window size

Type Sill Height Opening Size

W1 750 1800×1350
W2 900 1800×1200
W3 750 1500×1350
W4 900 1500×1200

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 Thank You

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