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CHARAN SINGH
Ph.D. Scholar
Introduction
External factors:
Water
Temperature
Aeration
Light
Internal factors:
Seed vitality,
Genotype,
Seed maturation,
Seed dormancy.
RESPIRATION
Imbibition of water causes the resumption of metabolic activity in
the rehydrated seed.
Seeds of plants require more oxygen. Such seeds obtain the oxygen
from the air contained in the soil whereas seeds of water plants, as
also rice, can germinate under water by utilizing dissolved oxygen.
Ploughing and hoeing aerate the soil and facilitate seed germination.
TEMPERATURE
Most seeds go through a cold period before germination.
Swelling ruptures the seed coats and enables the radicle to come
out in the form of primary root.
Hydration, while allowing some loss of solutes (which may cause fungal
growth), also results in loss of many inhibitors of germination, e.g.,
some phenolics and abscisic acid (ABA).
2) Phosphorolytic
Seed viability
Seed viability may be defined as the capability of the seed to
germinate and produce a normal seedling for some specific period
of time.
Chemical method
Excised embryo method
Germination test method
Dormancy
Seed dormancy is defined as a state in which seeds are prevented
from germinating even under environmental conditions normally
favorable for germination.