Presented by: James Ivan E.

Mendoza
G8-Aratiles
Step in research process
What is research design?
 Research design
-A master plan that specifies the methods and procedures for
collecting and analyzing the needed information.
-Is a general strategy for solving a research problem
-Basic design techniques for descriptive and casual research:
Surveys
Experiments
Secondary data
Observation
Constructing research design
 Step 1: Consider your priorities and practicalities
 For most research problems, there is not just one
possible research design, but a range of possibilities to
choose from. The choices you make depend on your
priorities in the research, and often involve some
tradeoffs – a research design that is strong in one area
might be weaker in another.
 Example:
 A qualitative case study is good for gaining in-depth
understanding of a specific context, but it does not
allow you to generalize to a wider population.
Constructing research design
 Step 2: Determine the type of data you need
Qualitative vs quantitative data
If your objectives involve describing subjective
experiences, interpreting meanings, and
understanding concepts, you will need to
do qualitative research.

If your objectives involve measuring variables, finding

frequencies or correlations, and testing hypotheses,
you will need to do quantitative research.
Constructing research design
 Step 2: Determine the type of data you need
 Primary vs secondary data
 You will directly collect original data (e.g. through
surveys, interviews, or experiments) and then analyze
it.
 You will analyze data that someone else already
collected (e.g. in national statistics, official records
archives, publications, and previous studies).

Constructing research design
 Step 3: Decide how you will collect the data
 This means you need to determine your research methods
– the specific tools, procedures, materials and techniques
you will use. You also need to specify what criteria you’ll
use to select participants or sources, and how you will
recruit or access them.
 Methods:
 Surveys
 Interviews
 Experiments
 Secondary data
Constructing research design
 Step 4: Decide how you will analyze the data
 Quantitative data analysis
 To analyze numerical data, you will probably use statistical
methods. These generally require applications such as
Excel, SPSS or SAS.
 Qualitative data analysis
 Analyzing words or images is often a more flexible process
that involves the researcher’s subjective judgements. You
might focus on identifying and categorizing key themes,
interpreting patterns and narratives, or understanding
social context and meaning.
Constructing research design
 Step 5: Write your research proposal
 The research design is an important component of
your dissertation or thesis proposal. It describes
exactly what you plan to do and how you plan to do it,
showing your supervisor that your project is both
practically feasible and capable of answering your
research questions.
What is research method
 A research method is a systematic plan for
conducting research. Sociologists draw on a variety of
both qualitative and quantitative research methods,
including experiments, survey research, participant
observation, and secondary data.
 The process used to collect information and data for
the purpose of making business decisions.
The methodology may include publication research,
interviews, surveys and other research techniques,
and could include both present and historical
information.
What is the difference between
research design and research method?
 Research design is a plan to answer your research
question. A research method is a strategy used to
implement that plan. Research design and methods
are different but closely related, because good research
design ensures that the data you obtain will help you
answer your research question more effectively.
Which research method should I
choose?
 It depends on your research goal. It depends on what subjects (and who) you
want to study. Let's say you are interested in studying what makes people
happy, or why some students are more conscious about recycling on
campus. To answer these questions, you need to make a decision about how to
collect your data. Most frequently used methods include:
 Observation / Participant Observation
 Surveys
 Interviews
 Focus Groups
 Experiments
 Secondary Data Analysis / Archival Study
 Mixed Methods (combination of some of the above)
 One particular method could be better suited to your research goal than others,
because the data you collect from different methods will be different in quality
and quantity. For instance, surveys are usually designed to produce relatively
short answers, rather than the extensive responses expected in qualitative
interviews.
Bibliography
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjBxqjk2JPjAhUN7WEKHaygC
UEQjhx6BAgBEAM&url=https%3A%2F%2Fopentext.wsu.edu%2Fmarketing%2Fchapter%2F4-3-steps-in-the-
marketing-research-process%2F&psig=AOv

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_design
https://www.scribbr.com/research-process/research-design/
https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/76571/10/10_chapter%204.pdf
https://guides.lib.vt.edu/researchmethods/design-method

http:/https://study.com/academy/lesson/research-methodology-approaches-techniques-
quiz.html/www.businessdictionary.com/definition/research-methodology.html
 Questions:
1.A systematic plan for
conducting research
QUIZ 2. The research design depend
Choices: on the____
-quantitative data analysis Of the research
-Priorities 3.Two types to analyze the
data
-Research method
4. A master plan that specifies
-Research design
the methods and
-qualitative data analysis procedures for collecting
and analyzing the needed
information.
5.Strategy use to implement
that plan