 Environment is everything around us.

It is not
static and is continuously changing. The
increase in the population, technological,
industrial revolution, advancement in
technology, etc. have overstretched the limits
of the environment and resulted in its
degradation. However, whatever we give to
nature, comes back to us. The result of the
assaults that we have made on the
environment is taking its toll on our health
both directly as well as indirectly.
 Environment literary means the surroundings
or conditions where an organism exists and
develops his or her characteristics. The
various conditions could range from the
physical environment to the natural, social
and behavioural environment. The
environment is not the same everywhere. It
varies from place to place and time to time.
Environment can be divided into two parts:
 Physical Environment (Abiotic)
 Biological Environment (Biotic)
 Terrestrial Ecosystem: These are the
land ecosystems such as forests,
grasslands, deserts, etc.

 Aquatic Ecosystems: These are the

water ecosystems. Examples are
ponds, lakes, . rivers, oceans, etc.
 All ecosystems consist of biotic and abiotic
components. The biotic are the living organisms
such as microbes, plants, animals, etc. while the
abiotic are the non-living or physical
components such as water, air, soil, and
temperature. The biotic component is dependent
on the abiotic and also influences it.

 In each ecosystem there are producers (i.e. those

who make their own food, these normally
includes plants) and consumers (who cannot
synthesize their own food. Consumers can be
herbivorous (plant eaters), carnivorous (flesh
consuming), scavengers (feed on dead animals
and plants) and decomposers (feed on dead and,
decomposed organic-matter and break it down
to further simpler substances).
 The water has a natural inability to clean itself,
however the disposal of waste in rivers and other
water bodies has polluted water to such an
extent that it cannot be self-purified.
 Excessive irrigation and poor drainage have
caused many productive farmlands to become
unproductive.
 Deforestation and natural vegetation not only
destroys the natural environment of various
species of plants and animals, endangering them
but also disturbs the ecosystem by increasing the
population of life forms of lower levels such as
insects, which could be harmful to human health.
 Deforestation and Destruction of
Vegetation

 Industrialization

 Agriculture

 Misuse of Water Resources

 Biological
Human Behaviour
Rights al

Equity & Environm

Social ental

Gender Health Health

Issues for All System

Informati
Socio-
on
Economic
System

Science
Socio-
&Technol Age cultural
ogy Structure
of the
People
 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DUE TO
HUMAN ACTIVITIES

 Pollution of air, water, soil

 Soil erosion (leading to floods)
 Deforestation, salt deserts and sea
recedes
 Desertification and drought
 Landslides
 Extinction of species
 Depletion of natural resources
 Thinning of ozone layer and global
warming
 Harmful effects of Air, Water & Noise
Pollution

 Preventing Disease by Better Management of

Environment
• Reduction of Poverty,
• Unavailability of Safe Water
• Poor Environmental Sanitation and Personal
Hygiene
• Poor Maternal and Child Health
• Lack of Health Awareness health Education
• Promoting Health Indoor Environment