Getting to Know Gases

Gases and its mass

• Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.

• The amount of a gas or its mass could be expressed in
moles or grams. The mass of gases is negligible.
• Scientists measure mass with a balance, such as a triple
beam balance or electronic balance.

Unit of Mass
Kilogram (kg) = 1,000 grams
Gases and its mass

Trial Mass of the Mass of the Difference in

deflated balloon inflated balloon mass
(g) (g) (inflated-
deflated) (g)
1 2.10 1.94 -0.16
2 1.68 2.37 0.69
3 2.09 2.32 0.23
Average 1.95 2.21 0.253
Gases and its volume

• The volume of an object is a measure of the amount of space

occupied by that object.
• The volume of a gas is the amount of space occupied by the
gases.
• Gases have the tendency to occupy all the spaces of the
container that they are confined.
• They have weak intermolecular force of attraction; hence
they are arranged as far away as possible from each other.
Gases and its volume
Unit of Volume
SI Unit Metric Unit
cubic meter (m³) Liter (L)
cubic decimeter (dm³) Milliliter (mL)
cubic centimeter (cm³)

Volume units and their equivalents:

1 mL = 1 cm3
1 L = 1 dm3
1 m3 = 1000 L
 metric-conversions.org

Gases and its temperature

• Temperature is a physical property of matter that
quantitatively expresses hot and cold.

• The temperature of a gas is the measure of the hotness or

coldness of an object. It is proportional to the average
kinetic energy of its molecules.

• Temperature is measured with a thermometer.

Gases and its temperature

Unit of Temperature
Fahrenheit (°F) scale
Celsius (°C) scale
Kelvin (K) scale

Temperature units and their equivalents:

0˚C = 273.15 K 0˚C = 32˚F
Gases and its temperature

Trial Initial (room Above the Above the

temperature) ice water boiling water
1 27°C 22°C 45°C
2 28°C 13°C 38°C
3 27°C 18°C 43°C
Average 27.33°C 17.67°C 42°C
Gas and its pressure

• The pressure of a confined gas is the average effect of the

forces of the colliding molecules.

• The force applied is perpendicular to the surface of objects

per unit area.

• The basic formula for pressure is F/A (Force per unit area).

Gas and its pressure

Unit of Pressure
SI Unit Metric Unit
Pascal (Pa) Atmosphere (atm)
Millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
Centimeters of mercury (cm Hg)

Pressure units and their equivalents:

1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 76 cm Hg = 760 torr = 101325 Pa = 14.6956 psi
The properties of gases can affect one another. They are related to
each other.

• The volume of a gas is directly related to its temperature at

constant pressure.
• The pressure of a gas is directly related to its temperature at
constant temperature.
• The volume of a gas is inversely related to its pressure at constant
temperature.
• The amount of a gas in a mole is directly related to its volume at
constant pressure and temperature.