SPLIT A.C.

ILMA NAFEES
WAHAB HUSSAIN
DANIA IRSHAD
MOHD. AQDAS USMANI
 INTRODUCTION

• A SPLIT SYSTEM IS AN AIR-CONDITIONING OR HEAT PUMP SYSTEM THAT

USES REFRIGERANT AS THE HEAT EXCHANGE FLUID AND HAS AN
EVAPORATOR, COMPRESSOR, AND CONDENSER AS SEPARATE
COMPONENTS.
• IN MOST MODERN COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS, THE COMPRESSOR AND
CONDENSER ARE COMBINED INTO A SINGLE PIECE OF EQUIPMENT
CALLED A CONDENSING UNIT. REFRIGERANT PIPING, CUSTOM-DESIGNED
TO MEET THE PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS OF EACH INDIVIDUAL
APPLICATION, CONNECTS THE SYSTEM COMPONENTS.
• A TYPICAL RESIDENTIAL CENTRAL AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM IS A SPLIT
SYSTEM. THE COMPRESSOR AND CONDENSER ARE COMBINED AS A
SINGLE CONDENSING UNIT MOUNTED OUTDOORS. THE EVAPORATOR, A
FINNED COIL, IS MOUNTED IN A SECTION OF DUCTWORK
DOWNSTREAM OF THE FURNACE BLOWER. TWO FLEXIBLE REFRIGERANT
LINES, ONE FOR GAS AND ONE FOR LIQUID, CONNECT THE
COMPONENTS.
 HISTORY

• 1824 MICHAEL FARADAY DISCOVERED THE PRINCIPLES FOR THE ABSORPTION TYPE OF REFRIGERATION.
• 1834 JACOB PERKINS INVENTED THE FIRST ARTIFICIAL ICE MANUFACTURING MACHINE WHICH LED TO OUR
MODERN COMPRESSION SYSTEMS.
• 1902 WILLIS HAVILAND CARRIER INVENTED THE FIRST AIR CONDITIONER TO CONTROL THE TEMPERATURE
AND HUMIDITY OF A PRINTING COMPANY, MARKING THE FIRST TIME EFFORT TAKEN TO CONTROL THE
TEMPERATURE OF THE SURROUNDINGS. THIS STARTS THE HISTORY OF AIR CONDITIONING.
• 1906 STUART W. CRAMER COME OUT WITH THE TERM "AIR CONDITIONING." WHICH WAS LATER ADOPTED
BY CARRIER
• 1928 THE DISCOVERY OF FREON REFRIGERANT BY THOMAS MIDGLEY, JR.
• 1953 ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS SALE EXCEED 1 MILLION UNITS. THIS IS ANOTHER KEY MILESTONE IN THE
HISTORY OF AIR CONDITIONER.
• 1957 THE FIRST ROTARY COMPRESSOR WAS DEVELOPED HENCE MAKING AIR CONDITIONING UNITS
SMALLER AND MORE EFFICIENT COMPARED TO THE RECIPROCATING TYPE.
• 1977 HEAT PUMPS EQUIPMENT DEVELOPED THAT ALLOWS COOLING AND
HEATING CYCLE USING THE SAME MACHINE THAT CAN BE USED TO PROVIDE
COOLING DURING SUMMER AND HEATING DURING WINTER.
• 1987 MONTREAL PROTOCOL SIGNED TO PROTECT THE EARTH'S OZONE LAYER
IS SIGNED IN MONTREAL, CANADA. THE PROTOCOL ESTABLISHES
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ON THE PHASE OUT OF OZONE DEPLETING
SUBSTANCES, INCLUDING THE CHLOROFLUOROCARBON(CFC) REFRIGERANTS
USED IN HVAC EQUIPMENT.
• 1990 MICROPROCESSOR CONTROL SYSTEMS ARE USED IN ALL AREAS OF
REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING DUE TO THE READILY AVAILABLE
SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY.
• 1992 THE R-22 ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERATION EVALUATION PROGRAM (AREP)
STARTS TO FIND ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS TO R-502 AND R-22.
• 2007 A STATE COUNCIL ISSUED A CIRCULAR TO RESTRICT THE TEMPERATURE OF
AIR CONDITIONING IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS TO 26°C (78°F) OR HIGHER DURING
SUMMER AND 20°C (68°F) AND LOWER DURING WINTER. SALE OF LOW
EFFICIENCY AIR CONDITIONING UNITS ARE ALSO OUTLAWED.
 MECHANISM

• SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONERS BASICS:

1. EVAPORATOR
2. COMPRESSOR
3. CONDENSER
4. REFRIGERANT PIPING
5. COMPRESSOR PROTECTION
6. HEATING EQUIPMENT

THE KEY FEATURES THAT DESIGNATE THIS AS A

SPLIT SYSTEM ARE:
• REFRIGERANT IS THE WORKING FLUID
• PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF THE EVAPORATOR AND
CONDENSER (CONDENSING UNIT)
 WHY USE A SPLIT SYSTEM ?

ADVANTAGES PERFORMANCE
TYPICAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIOS (EER) FOR
THE WIDESPREAD USE OF SPLIT SYSTEMS IS AN
CONDENSING UNITS RANGE FROM 10.2 TO 11.8 AT ARI
AFFIRMATION OF THEIR ADVANTAGES. FOREMOST,
STANDARD CONDITIONS. WHEN INSTALLED AS A
THEY ARE FLEXIBLE, PROVIDING MANY POSSIBLE
SYSTEM, TYPICAL EER VALUES FOR THE CONDENSING
SOLUTIONS TO COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
UNIT AND AIR HANDLER OPERATING TOGETHER RANGE
DESIGN CHALLENGES. THEY ARE SIMPLE, RELIABLE,
BETWEEN 8.7 AND 10.0.
AND OFFER SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE. ALSO, SPLIT
SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICAL, PROVIDING AN COST
ADVANTAGEOUS BALANCE OF FIRST COST AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF A SPLIT SYSTEM (ON A KW
OPERATING COST. PER TON BASIS) IS HIGHER THAN A LARGE CENTRAL
RELIABILITY WATER CHILLER. SIMPLY STATED, SPLIT SYSTEMS
TYPICALLY COST LESS TO INSTALL AND MAINTAIN.
SPLIT SYSTEM COMPONENTS ARE MATURE PRODUCTS
WITH LONG MANUFACTURING AND DEVELOPMENT
HISTORIES.
 INDOOR UNITS
OUTDOOR UNITS
• PRODUCES THE COOLING EFFECT
• THIS UNIT HOUSES IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF THE
INSIDE THE SPACE
AC LIKE THE COMPRESSOR, CONDENSER COIL AND ALSO
• IT CONSISTS OF THE EVAPORATOR
THE EXPANSION COIL OR CAPILLARY TUBING.
COIL, A LONG BLOWER AND THE
• INSTALLED OUTSIDE THE SPACE TO BE COOLED.
FILTER.
• THE COMPRESSOR IS THE MAXIMUM NOISE MAKING PART
• AFTER PASSING FROM THE EXPANSION
OF THE AIR CONDITIONER.
COIL, THE CHILLED FLUID ENTERS THE
• THERE IS A FAN THAT BLOWS AIR OVER THE CONDENSER
COOLING COIL.\THE BLOWER SUCKS
THUS COOLING THE COMPRESSED GAS.
THE HOT, HUMID AND FILTERED AIR
• GAS PASSES THROUGH THE EXPANSION COIL AND GETS
FROM THE ROOM AND IT BLOWS IT
CONVERTED INTO LOW PRESSURE, LOW TEMPERATURE
OVER THE COOLING COIL.
PARTIAL GAS AND PARTIAL LIQUID FLUID.
• AS THE AIR PASSES OVER COOLING
CELL ITS TEMPERATURE REDUCES
DRASTICALLY AND ALSO LOSES THE
EXCESS MOISTURE.
• THE COOL AND DRY AIR ENTERS THE
ROOM AND MAINTAINS COMFORTABLE
CONDITIONS OF AROUND 25-27
DEGREE CELSIUS AS PER THE
REQUIREMENTS.
 1. WALL MOUNTED
2. FLOOR MOUNTED/TOWER AC
TYPOLOGY 3. CEILING MOUNTED/ CASSETTE AC
4. MULTI SPLIT ACs

WALL MOUNTED FLOOR MOUNTED/TOWER AC

• MOST POPULAR
• INDOOR UNIT PLACED IN THE ROOM AND DUCT
CANNOT BE CONCEALED
• PREFERABLE FOR SMALL ROOMS WHICH CAN BE
COOLED UNIFORMLY EASILY
• FLOOR STANDING. INDOOR UNIT DOESN’T
NEED WALL INSTALLATION
• LIKER SPLIT AC, A TOWER AC CONSISTS OF 2
UNITS, I.E., INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL
• OCCUPIES SPACE ON THE FLOOR
• HIGH COOLING CAPACITY AND SUITABLE
FOR LARGE ROOMS
• EXPENSIVE THAN WALL MOUNTED Acs.

ADVANTAGES
• SUITABLE FOR HIGH CAPACITY COOLING
• IDEAL FOR LARGE ROOMS
• NO WINDOWS OR WALL FOR
INSTALLATION
MULTI SPLIT Acs
• CONNECTED TO ONE OUTDOOR UNIT
• INDOOR UNIT CAN BE USED INDIVIDUALLY OR AT
THE SAME TIME.
• IF BOTH THE UNITS ARE USED THE CAPACITY OF
THE AC WILL BE DIVIDED.
• THE FAN AND CONDENSER OF THE OUTDOOR
UNIT WILL BE CONTROLLED BASED ON THE
SIGNALS FROM INDOOR UNITS.
CEILING MOUNTED/CASSETTE AC
ADVANTAGES
• SHAPED LIKE CASSETTES AND ARE INSTALLED ON
• SAVES INSTALLATION SPACE
THE CEILING
• USED INDIVIDUALLY OR SIMULTANEOUSLY
• REQUIRE NO DUCTING
• INDEPENDENT CONTROL
• PERFECT FOR LARGE SPACES
• SAVES ON RUNNING COST
• CONVENIENT AND ECONOMICAL
ADVANTAGES
• BEST AT SAVING SPACE
DISADVANTAGES
• COOL LARGE AREAS
• EXPENSIVE COMPARED TO A SINGLE UNIT SPLIT AC
• LIMITED RANGE OF CAPACITIES AND MODELS
DISADVANTAGES
• MORE PRONE TO LEAKAGES AS INDOOR UNITS
• EXPENSIVE
INCREASES.
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

• REFRIGERANTS- THE SELECTION OF THE WORKING FLUIDS (REFRIGERANTS) HAS A

SIGNIFICANT IMPACT NOT ONLY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE AC BUT ON THE
ENVIRONMENT AS WELL. CFC, HCFC, HFC ARE POTENT GREENHOUSE GASES WHEN LEAKED
TO THE ATMOSPHERE. ASSUMING 3% ANNUM LEAKAGE AND 80% RECOVERY AT THE END OF
LIFE, REFRIGERANT CONTRIBUTES ABOUT 1 OF THE GREENHOUSE GAS IMPACT.

SOLUTIONS
• USING ENERGY EFFICIENT PRODUCTS
• SWITCHING OFF GADGETS WHEN NOT
IN USE
• PUSHING FOR TOUGH STANDARDS
• DEVELOPING LOW CARBON
TECHNOLOGY.
 MARKET SURVEY

TOP 10 AC BRANDS AROUND THE WORLD

1. Daikin 6.Voltas
2. Hitachi 7. Panasonic
3. Blue Star 8. LG
4. Carrier 9. Samsung
5. Whirlpool 10. Electrolux
 DAIKIN

FIRST COMPANY IN OUR LIST IS DAIKIN WHICH IS A JAPANESE

MNC AND IT IS MARKET LEADER WHEN IT COMES TO SELLING
OF AIR CONDITIONERS. DAIKIN IS POPULAR FOR ITS EFFECTIVE
AND EFFICIENT USE OF JAPANESE TECHNOLOGY DUE TO
WHICH THE AIR CONDITIONERS OF THIS BRAND ARE HIGHLY
POPULAR ALL OVER THE WORLD. EVEN NOW THE COMPANY
HAD ISSUE DAIKIN INVERTER AC WHICH PROVIDES BETTER
CONDITIONING AT THE COST OF LOW CONSUMPTION OF
POWER. THE MAIN IDEA OF THE COMPANY IS TO PROVIDE
BETTER PRODUCTS AT LOWER RATES. GLOBALLY DAIKIN HAS
EVEN WON TRUST OF SEVERAL PEOPLE ALL ACROSS THE
WORLD WHICH IS ONE OF THE BIGGEST REASON BEHIND THE
SUCCESS OF THIS COMPANY.
 PRICE OF SPLIT AC
(DAIKIN)

1.5 TON 3 STAR SPLIT AC (ATL50TV) – 35000 RS.

1.8 TON 2 STAR SPLIT AC (FTQ60TV) – 40600 RS.
1.5 TON 5 STAR SPLIT AC (JTKJ50TV) – 51000 RS.
 BLUE STAR

BLUE STAR IS ONE OF THE TOP AC MANUFACTURING

COMPANIES OF THE WORLD. SINCE 1943, BLUESTAR HAS
DELIVERED SOME OF THE BEST AC APPLIANCES MAKING IT THE
MOST RENOWNED AND OLDEST BRAND AVAILABLE IN THE
MARKET. IN FACT FEW TIME BACK THE COMPANY EVEN
COLLABORATED WITH HITACHI IN ORDER TO PRODUCE
BETTER AIR CONDITIONERS USING JAPANESE TECHNOLOGY.
ONE OF THE BIGGEST REASON DUE TO WHICH BLUE STAR HAS
MADE UP TO THE LIST OF 10 BEST AC MANUFACTURING
COMPANIES OF THE WORLD IS THE TECHNOLOGY IT HAS USED,
ALONG WITH THE GENEROUS PRICE.
 PRICE OF SPLIT AC
(BLUE STAR)

1.5 TON 3 STAR SPLIT AC (IC318MATU) – 37000 RS.

1 TON 3 STAR SPLIT AC (BI-3HW12AATX) – 28800 RS.
1.5 TON 5 STAR SPLIT AC (5CNHW18QATX) – 44000 RS.