Fats

PRESENTED BY:
ALCANTARA, VANDRICK
JIMENEZ, KAYCELYN
MEJIA, JEMIMAH
TIYAD, EMILY
MAGNO, AILEEN
What is fats?

 Fats are also called fatty acids or lipids. Fats in our body are made
up of three molecules joined together. This three molecule structure
is called a triglyceride. Also, fats are substances that help the body
absorb vitamins like vitamins A, D, E, and K. It also keeps the skin
healthy, they are also the main way to stores energy in our body.
Classification of fats.

 1. Unsaturated fat
 Which are considered beneficial fats because they can improve
blood cholesterol levels, ease inflammation, stabilize heart rhythms,
and play a number of other beneficial roles. Unsaturated fats are
predominantly found in foods from plants, such as vegetable oils,
nuts, and seeds.
There are two types of “good”
unsaturated fats:
 Polyunsaturated fats:
 omega-3 fats which are found in fish, especially oily fish
 omega-6 fats which are found in some oils such as safflower and
soybean oil, along with some nuts, including brazil nuts.
 *These fats are called essential fats because we must get them from
food that we eat.
 Monounsaturated fats:
 found in olive and canola oil, avocados and some nuts, such as
cashews and almonds.
 2. Saturated fat
 All foods containing fat have a mix of specific types of fats. Even
healthy foods like chicken and nuts have small amounts of saturated
fat, though much less than the amounts found in beef, cheese, and ice
cream. Saturated fat is mainly found in animal foods, but a few plant
foods are also high in saturated fats.
 Animal-based products:
Dairy foods
 Butter
 Cream
 full fat milk
 cheese
Meat
 Fatty cuts of beef,
 pork and lamb
 chicken (especially chicken skin)
3.Trans Fat
 - Trans fatty acids, more commonly called trans fats, are made by
heating liquid vegetable oils in the presence of hydrogen gas and a
catalyst, a process called hydrogenation. And Trans fats are
the worst type of fat for the heart, blood vessels, and rest of the
body.
4. Cholesterol
 Cholesterol is a type of fat found in food, but also in our blood.
Cholesterol has many important functions in the body but having
high levels of the wrong type of cholesterol in the blood increases
heart disease risk.
 DIGESTION OF FATS
 A lipid is defined as a fat-like molecule that does not have the ability
to dissolve in water. This inability to dissolve in water adds an
element of difficulty to fat digestion. Because fat does not like
water, it tends to clump together and form large droplets as it
moves through your digestive system.
 MOUTH
 Salivary amylase is released in the mouth through chewing. This is
the first enzyme your food will come into contact with, and it begins
the digestion process.
 STOMACH
 Gastric lipase starts to break down triacylglycerols into diglycerides
and fatty acids. Within two to four hours after eating a meal, roughly
30 percent of the triacylglycerols are converted to diglycerides and
fatty acids


 SMALL INTESTINE
 The majority of fat digestion happens once it reaches the small
intestine. This is also where the majority of nutrients are absorbed.
Your pancreas produces enzymes that break down fats or lipids.
 .
 What happens after the fat is digested?
 After the fat has been digested, fatty acids are passed through the
lymph system and then throughout the body via your bloodstream
to be used or stored for energy, cell repair, and growth. Your lymph
system also absorbs fatty acids to help fight infection.
FATS:FUNCTIONS

 Essential part of the diet.

 Source of Energy
 Help absorb vitamins
 Insulation and temperature regulation
 Trans fats
 Can raise bad cholesterol levels
 Can lower good cholesterol levels
 Can increase risk of heart disease & stroke
 Can increase risk of type 2 diabetes
 SATURATED FATS
 “THE BAD FATS”
 Can raise bad cholesterol levels
 Can raise good cholesterol levels
 Can increase risk of heart disease and stroke
 UNSATURATED FATS
 “THE GOOD FATS”
 Can lower bad cholesterol levels
 Can lower risk of heart disease and stroke
 Can provide essential fats that your body needs but can’t produce
itself
 RECOMMENDED DIETARY
ALLOWANCE
 (Based on 2,000 calories a day for adults and children over 4 only)


 Fat in adult is 20% to 35% of total calories from fat

 Monounsaturated fat: 15% to 20%
 Polyunsaturated fat: 5% to 10%
 Saturated fat: less than 10%
 Trans fat: 0%
 Cholesterol: less than 300 mg per day
Deficiency Symptoms

 omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are responsible for the health of our skin,
hair and nails. When deficient in these fats the health of our skin/hair/nails
suffers, acting as a general indicator for our levels of these critical fatty acids.
 When a person is suspected of having a fatty acid deficiency, a person has
two options.
1. They can either treat the suspected imbalance and observe the response,
2. Or they can do a laboratory test to determine both the existence and
nature of the imbalance.
Signs/Symptoms of Essential Fatty
Acid Deficiency Soft, fraying, splitting or brittle fingernails
 Dry skin (e.g., feet/face/general)
 Scaly or flaky skin (e.g., legs)
 Cracking/peeling fingertips & skin (e.g.,
heels)
 Lackluster skin
 Small bumps on back of upper arms
 Patchy dullness &/or color variation of skin
 Mixed oily and dry skin (‘combination’ skin)
 Irregular quilted appearance of skin (e.g.,
legs)
 Thick or cracked calluses
 Dandruff or cradle cap
 Dry, lackluster, brittle or unruly hair

 Dull nails – lack of surface shine
 Slow growing fingernails
 Dry eyes
 Dry mouth/throat
 Inadequate vaginal lubrication
 Menstrual cramps
 Premenstrual breast pain/tenderness
 Excessive ear wax
 Excessive thirst
 Allergic (e.g., eczema/asthma/hay fever/hives)
 Crave fats/fatty foods
 Stiff or painful joints
Toxicity Symptoms

 Fat tissue produces chemicals and hormones which travel around

our bodies. Visceral fat produces more of these chemicals than the
fat under our skin. These chemicals can be damaging to our body.
That’s why we call it toxic fat.
 that trans-fat consumption causes inflammation and negative
effects on heart health.
 In addition to lowering “good” HDL cholesterol, trans fats may impair
the function of the endothelial cells lining your arteries, which is a risk
factor for heart disease.
 trans fats lead to inflammation, which has profoundly negative
effects on heart health. This includes impaired ability of arteries to
properly dilate and keep blood circulating.
 Saturated Fat
 Saturated fatty acids, which are found in foods such as red meat,
cheese, and butter, are generally considered bad for health and
can raise levels of “bad” LDL cholesterol.
 While it’s known that the accumulation of saturated fatty acids can
lead to cell and tissue “lipotoxicity,” a metabolic syndrome that is
associated with various diseases including diabetes and obesity,
very little is known about the various cellular pathways involved in
mediating and modifying the toxic effects of saturated fatty acids.