Shivani lohiya

Barch 2nd year

Section -b
 Exterior lighting
• Exterior lighting has excessive potential to
enhance the landscape and provides many
benefits for both residential and commercial
applications.
• Exterior lighting can add safety, security ,
ambiance, mood and drama to the outdoor
environment. Limited only to the designers
imagination, the practical functions and
various mood effects of landscape lighting are
endless.
 SAFETY.
One of the primary functions of LANDSCAPE exterior
lighting is to insure safe passage for pedestrians on
steps, sidewalks, walkways or other LIGHTIN Gare as
where aspects of the outdoor environment may
become a hazard at night. Safety lighting typically
projects downward and never into ones eyes and is
free from glare.

SECURITY.
Low levels of light evenly spread around the perimeter of
buildings can act as a preventive to intruders and provide
greater security than floods which create pools of light along
with dark shadows where someone can hide. Light sources
that emit low level light from the knee down silhouette
prowlers and make them visible from every angle.

AMBIANCE AND DRAMA.

Beauty, hospitality and drama are enhanced by the
proper selection and placement of landscape lights.
Choosing focal points of architecture, art, unique features
and landscape plant material can add night time drama to
the landscape after the sun has set.
LIGHTING TECHNIQUES

Path Lighting

*This technique is used primarily for safety to highlight sidewalks, drives, or any path to
ensure safe pedestrian passage at night.

*Choose pathway lights offering downlighting with emphasis placed on fixtures that
incorporate diffused or shielded lamps.

*Avoid lighting that shines in the eyes. Since path light fixtures become an integral part of
the landscape during the day, attention should be paid to placement and daytime
appearance.

*Typical fixtures: mushrooms, tulip light, lantern, specialty lights

 Step / deck Lighting
*Step lighting brings deck to life in night and
help us to navigate stairs safely during night.
Underwater lighting
*Its fixtures can be installed beneath
*Underwater lighting highlights underwater
benches, as recessed light in the risers of
plant material and captures light to show
3.underwater step and as a surface lights on
off specialty lights depth or imaginative
vertical Lighting posts.
design .
*Typical fixtures: spot/accent light , specialty
*Illuminating water-bodies not only increase
lights
their attractiveness but also ensures safety
in dark.

*Cascading fountains and falls reflect light in

their movement adding a visual perspective
to the sound of rippling or spraying water.
 Up lighting
* Up lighting means to light
something from below.
* Up lighting is rarely seen in
nature yet this effect is typically
used to highlight the trees,
statues etc.
* and to produce large shadows
and dramatic facades or to
“wash” walls with light.
Down lighting
* Mirroring the effect of the sun or the
moon, downlighting is the most natural
form of landscape lighting.
*Choose fixtures that can easily be
mounted on eaves and walls or
suspended from trees and other elevated
structures.
* the downlighting effect is used to
provide general illumination for safety,
security or outdoor entertainment or it
can be used to focus on a singular object
such as a statue or specimen tree.
 Architectural Lighting

• The techniques of architectural lighting are used to emphasize the variation in

texture as well as architectural features in brick and stonework, soffit details
and facade.
• Architectural lighting can also be used to enhance gateways, statues
*Spotlighting or Highlighting
* Silhouetting
* Shadowing
*Grazing Light

• Spotlighting or Highlighting
This effect utilizes a narrow focused, deep beam of light to accent or highlight a
specific landscape object creating nighttime main point. Up lighting,
downlighting or any combination can be used to create a spotlighting effect;
however, care should be given when spot lighting since it has so much potential
of ruining a subtle beauty and enhancement of the nightscape if too much light
is introduced.
 Lighting
fixtures
1. Solar lights

• Solar lights make use of tiny photo voltaic cells

(PV cells) or solar powered cells to charge the
battery that is integrated into lighting fixtures.

• Most manufactures prefer to install PV cell into

the lighting fixture itself. These can’t work if they
are placed in shade.

• Other solar landscaping models tend to separate

the PV panel from the lighting fixture. Thus the
PV panel will be able to receive maximum
sunlight. Drawback is that wire have to be buried.
 fluorescent Lights
A long straight tube coated with phosphor containing low pressure mercury
that produces white light.

halogen Lights
High pressure incandescent lamps containing halogen gases such as iodine or
bromine allowing filament to be operated at higher temperatures.

Luminaire
A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp, ballast as required with the parts
designed to distribute the light, position and protect the lamp and connect
them to power supply.
 neon Lights
* Neon lighting consists of brightly glowing, electrified
glass tubes or bulbs that contain rarefied neon or other
gases.
* Neon lights are a type of cold cathode gas-discharge
light. A neon tube light is a sealed glass tube with a metal
electrode at each end, filled with one of a number of gases
at low pressure.
* Neon lights were named for neon, a noble gas which
gives off a popular red light, but other gases and chemicals
are used to produce other colors, such as helium (yellow),
carbon dioxide (white), and mercury (blue).

Light emitting diodes (led)

* Earlier only halogen or fluorescent lamps could
provide the punch, color, and energy savings for
certain landscape applications, LEDs are now
available with these important attributes, as well
as added benefits of very long life and durability.
* Light emitting diodes (led) are tiny light bulbs
without filament that are illuminated solely by the
movements of electrons in a semiconductor
material.
• OUTDOOR LIGHTING CONTROLS
Outdoor lights are often controlled by toggle switches, but it is easy for occupants to forget to turn
the lights off when they are not needed. Two controls that are especially useful with outdoor
lighting are photosensors and motion sensors.
PHOTOSENSORS sense ambient light conditions and are used to prevent outdoor
lights from operating during daylight hours. They are useful with all forms of outdoor
lighting.
MOTION SENSORS Outdoor motion sensors have revolutionized outdoor lighting and
security strategies. Economical models offer sophisticated features and energy-saving
benefits.

Motion sensors automatically turn outdoor lights on when they are needed (when motion is detected) and turn
them off a short while later. They are very useful for outdoor security and utility lighting provided by
incandescent lamps. Because utility lights and some applications of security lights are needed only when it is
dark and people are present, the best controller may be a combination of motion sensor to turn on lights when
people are present and photosensor to prevent lights from operating during daylight hours. Incandescent flood
lights with photosensor and motion detector controls may actually use less energy than pole-mounted HID or
lowpressure sodium security lights controlled by a photosensor. Even though HID and low-pressure sodium
lights are more efficient than incandescents, they are turned on for a much longer period of time than
incandescents using these dual controls. Simple timers are not often used alone for outdoor lighting because
the timer may have to be reset often with the seasonal variation in the length of night. However, they can be
used effectively in combinations with other controls. For example, the best combination for aesthetic
(decorative) lighting may be a photosensor that turns lights on in the evening and a timer that turns the lights
off at a certain hour of the night (e.g., 11 P.M.).
Initial design recommendation

OUTDOORS

• Security and utility lighting does not need to be bright to be effective.

• Use fluorescent, HID, or low-pressure sodium lights unless incandescent lights
are automatically controlled to be on for just a few minutes each day.
• Consider incandescent flood lights with combined photosensors and motion
sensors in the place of other security lighting options.
• Make sure outdoor light fixtures have reflectors, deflectors, or covers to make
more efficient use of the light source and help reduce light pollution.
• In most applications, use
- Photosensors to turn off lights during daylight hours.
- Motion detectors to activate security or utility lighting when needed.
- Timers and other controls to turn decorative lighting on and off.