Instrumentation

Instrument
– Is the generic term that researchers use for a
measurement device like survey, test,
questionnaire, and many others.
– Instrument is a device and instrumentation is the
course of action which is the process of
developing, testing, and using the device.
– 2 categories of instrument: researcher-completed
and subject-completed
Categories of Instrument
Researcher-Completed
– Rating scale
– Interview schedule/guides
– Tally sheets
– Flowcharts
– Performance checklist
– Observation forms
Subject-Completed
– Questionnaires
– Self-checklist
– Attitude scales
– Personality inventories
– Achievement Test
– Sociometric Devices
General Criteria of Good Research Instruments

VALIDITY RELIABILITY
Validity – Refers to the extent to which
the instrument measures what
it intends to measure and
performs as it is designed to
perform.
Types of Validity
Types of Validity Description
Content Validity The extent to which a research instrument
accurately measure all aspects of a construct.
Construct Validity The extent to which a research instrument (or tool)
measures the intended construct.
Criterion Validity The extent to which a research is related to other
instrument that measures the same variables
Content Validity

1 2
Looks at whether the It refers to
instrument adequately appropriateness of the
covers all the content that content of the instrument.
it should with respect to
the variables.
Construct Validity
– Refers to whether you can draw inferences
about test scores related to the concept
being studied.
Criterion Validity
– Is any other instrument that measure the
same variables.
Reliability
– Relates to the extent to which
the instrument is consistent.
 General Attributes of Reliability

Attributes Description
Internal Consistency The extent to which all the items on a scale measure
or Homogeneity one construct

Stability or Test Retest The consistency of results using an instrument with

Correlation repeated testing

Equivalence Consistency among responses of multiple users of an

instrument, or among alternate forms of an instrument
Internal Consistency or
Homogeneity
– Is when the instrument measures a specific
concept. This concept is through questions or
indicators and each questions must correlate
highly with the total of this dimension.
Stability or Test-retest Correlation
– This is an aspect of reliability where many
researchers report that a highly reliable test
indicates that the test is stable over time.
Equivalence or Parallel
– It is measured by the correlation of scores
between the different version of the same
instrument, or between instruments that
measure the same or similar construct.