TYPE OF

SENTENCE
 1. Simple Sentence
(An Independent
Sentence)
 Subject + Verb + (Object / Adverb)
Ex: Ice melts.
The ice melts quickly

 Subject + be Verb + Adverb /

Adjective
Ex: I am here
 2. Compound Sentence
(Two or More Independent
Clauses)
1. With a Coordinator (but, yet, or, and,
so, etc)
2. With Conjunctive Adverbs.
3. With a Semicolon
1. With a Coordinator (but,
yet, or, and, so, etc)
Note:
 Use comma if consists of two/more
sentences or more than two items.
 I want to swim, and my sister
wants to stay at home.
 I want to eat meatball, noodles,
and fruit
 For some coordinators, they must be
parallel. There are two types:

a. Coordinators (but, or, and)

b. Correlative Conjunctions
(both…and…; either…or…;
neither…nor…; not only…but also…)
a. Coordinators (but, or,
and)
My English conversation class
is made up of Chinese,
Spaniards, and some are from
Bosnia.

My English conversation class

is made up of Chinese,
Spaniards, and Bosnians
The students who do well attend
class, they do their homework,
and practice speaking English.

The students who do well attend

class, do their homework, and
practice speaking English.
Before you write a paper or
before you take a test, you must
organize your thoughts.

Before you write a paper or take

a test, you must organize your
thoughts.
 A new law provides the means for both
regulating pesticides and ordering their
removal if they are dangerous.
 Air pollutants may come either from
the oceans as natural contaminants
given off by sea life or from the
internal combustion engines of
automobiles.
 Many people are neither
concerned about pollutants nor
worried about their future
impact.

 Air pollution is controlled through

laws passed not only to reduce
the pollutants at their sources
but also to set up acceptable
standards of air quality.
 Exercise
1. The disadvantage of using a credit
card are overspending and you pay
high interest rates.

2. Credit cards are accepted by

department stores, airlines, and
they can be used in some gas
stations.
3. You do not need to risk carrying
cash or to risk to pass up a sale.
4. You can charge both at restaurants
and when you stay at home.
5. Many people carry not only credit
cards but they also carry cash.
6. The criminal neither admitted
guilt nor ask for forgiveness
before he was executed
 2. With a Conjunctive Adverb
Coordinator Conjunctive Example

and Furthermore I go to school,

Moreover moreover, I study.

but However I am sick. However,

yet Nevertheless I go to school.
nonetheless

so ConsequentlyI am sick; thus, I

Hence can’t go to school.
Therefore
Thus
 Exercise.
1. Community colleges offer preparation for
many occupation. They prepare students
to transfer to a university.
2. Many community colleges do not have
dormitories. They provide housing referral
services.
3. Students must take final exams. They will
receive a grade of incomplete.
4. The college campus is located in the
center of the city. It is very easy to do my
shopping.
 3. With a Semicolon (;)
Ex:
I enjoy tennis; I hate golf.

Exercise:
1. My older brother studies law my younger
brother studies medicine.
2. Three hundred guests attended his wedding
two attended his funeral.
3. Motherhood causes some women to quit their
jobs others continue working.
 3. Complex Sentence
One Independent Clause and One/More
dependent clause(s)

1. Noun Clauses
2. Adverbial Clauses
3. Relative Clauses
 Noun Clause
1. That Clauses ( that + Subject +
Verb)
2. Question Word Clauses
3. If/Whether Clauses
That Clauses ( that + Subject + Verb)

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group4

No Object To + Object Need Object Object
(optional) (Optional)
agree admit assure promise
conclude explain convince show
know mention inform teach
notice point out remind warn
realize prove tell write
state reply
think
 We know that women higher verbal
IQs than men.
 The teacher explains (to the
students) that English writing is
important.
 The doctor assured the worried
parents that their child would
recover.
 He promised (them) that they could
see their child immediately after the
operation.
 Subjunctive
(that + Subject + V1/Be or Be V3)

Verbs Adjectives
advise insist advisable
ask important
propose essential urgent
command necessary vital
suggest
demand urge
recommend
 The company president urged that
the marketing department be more
aggressive.

 She insisted that the company not

lose any more customers to its
competitors.

 It is necessary that to each

salesperson work longer hours.
 Exercise
1. What did the government demand?
Each family must reduce its water
use by 40%.
2. What was suggested?
People must not use water to wash
cars, sidewalks, or streets.
3. What is advisable?
People should converse water
whenever possible.
 Question Word Clauses
WH Questions WH Word Clauses

Who started the …who started the

band? band.
Which vocalist have …which vocalist
sung with the have sung with the
group? group.
How often does the …how often the
group perform? group performs.
Who is the lead …who the lead
singer? singer is.
 Exercise
1. Where will their next concert be held?
They will announce tomorrow …
2. When did they last perform in Europe?
I remember very clearly …
3. Who writes their songs?
The group never says …
4. Which of their songs do you like best?
I can’t really say …
 IF/WHETHER CLAUSES
Yes/No Question If/Whether Clause
Does Dr. Chen practice … if/whether Dr. Chen
acupuncture? practices acupuncture.

Is acupuncture an … if/whether acupuncture

effective treatment? is an effective treatment.

Has it been used as an … if/whether it has been

anesthetic during surgery? used as an anesthetic
during surgery.
 Exercise
1. Is acupuncture a risky medical
procedure?
Westerners would like to know…
2. Do acupuncture needles relieve pain
after dental surgery?
Please tell me …
3. Can acupuncture strengthen your
immune system?
It is not certain…
 Adverbial Clauses
Time when whenever while
as soon as after since
before until

Place where anywhere

wherever
eveywhere
Reason because as since

Result so…(adjectives/adverb)…that
such...(a/an/the) noun phrase…
that
 Exercise
1. Try to stay calm. The earthquake is
happening.
2. Don’t move. The floor stops shaking.
3. You are sure the earthquake is over. You may
begin to move around.
4. Most people prefer to shop. They can be sure
of quality.
5. You cannot use credit cards. You shop.
6. There are a few places of business. A credit
card is not accepted.
7. European nations are trying to reduce the
level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes
global warming.
8. In the United States, in contrast, 56%
of the nation’s electricity is generated by
burning coal. Coal is cheap and plentiful.
9.The Ancient Peru exhibit was popular. It
was held over for two weeks.
10. The exhibits was precious. A museum
guard was posted in every room.
11. There were many exhibits. We couldn’t
see all of them
12. Chemical are used in many food
products. They will stay fresh longer.
13. They can increase food crops. Most
farmers use chemical fertilizers.
14. Global warming is a real problem.
Governments have been slow to take
action.
15. Korea is becoming an economic
superpower. It is a small country with
few natural sources.
 RELATIVE CLAUSES
 HUMANS:
a. Who (Subject) + Verb
b. Whom (Object) + Subject + Verb
c. Whose (Possessive)+ Noun + Verb
Or:
Whose + Noun + Subject + Verb
 NON HUMANS:
a. Which (Subject) + Verb
b. Which (Object) + Subject +
Verb
c. Which (Possessive)+ Noun +
Verb
Or:
Which + Noun + Subject +
Verb
 ADVERB:
a. When
b. Where
1. A person who uses drugs is not a
good parent.
2. Rachel Kingsley, who uses drugs is
not a good parent.
3. Young children should not see a
movie which has a lot of violence.
4. Young children should not see Jurassic
Park, which has a lot of violence.