A

Presentation
On
“FOLDABLE E-BICYCLE”

Presented By , Under the Guidance of

Sarik Khan PROF.T.C.JAGTAP
Om Dagale
Prasad Chavan
Gaurav Patil

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Sandip foundations
Sandip Polytechnic, Nashik
[2019-20]

1
 Content of Presentation

Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Objective
Methodology
Chapters
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References

2
 ABSTRACT

This project is purpose to create technical research for undergraduate

students which have high potential in technical paper publication.
Throughout this project, a Foldable Electric Bicycle will be design and
analyze in order to make this project successful and reach the objective.
Commonly, foldable electric bicycle use different type of electric motor as
a power assist and with different method of fold mechanism. In this
project, there are two main consideration in order to design the bicycle
which is power assist (electric motor) and folding method. For power
assist, this project is using hub motor that attached at the rear wheel. In
order to design a small bicycle, a folding method and material that will be
used in this project need to be analyze. Based on this research, a small
electric bicycle will be design as a prototype and the motor performance
and strength of bicycle frame will be analyzed.

3
 INTRODUCTION
•Definitions:
Nowadays, a foldable electric bicycle is become increasingly popular
around the world. There a lot of invention of folding electric bicycle in the
market with different size, power assists material usage and folding
mechanism. However, not all the invention is perfect and suitable for all
situations. For example, larger size of bicycle have a better ride and better
handling but it difficult to carried into public transportation even in folding
form and if the design too small, it will sacrifice ride quality due to smaller
wheel and to steering. Besides that, some of the product in the market takes
a longer time to fold into compact form.
•The main requirements of topic:
The topic should be related to our field and great future scope to easy
transportation for short distance ,free and unrestricted carriage on public
transport, for most of us cycling is one of the fondest memories of our
childhood . As we grow up we switch to faster modes of commuting . While it
does save time , it has severe environmental impacts that we do not realize .
We wanted to build a cycle that can be used by all age groups ,is faster and
4
 INTRODUCTION( Contd…)

For most of us, cycling is one of the fondest memories of our childhood.as
we grow up we switch to faster modes of commuting while it does save
time,it has severe environmental impact that we do not realize we wanted to
build a cycle that can we used by all age groups, is faster and most
importantly does not cause air pollution.the trend of cycle needs to come
back.

Depth of Topic :

The foldable electric bicycle uses a combination of folding frame and

powered assist by electric motors. Thus it will give advantages because it not
required human energy to drive it, reduced storage space and being ease of
movement. Besides that, this type of bicycle is suitable for living environment
at the big city

5
 INTRODUCTION( Contd…)

Definition :-
An electric bicycle also known as an e-bike is a bicycle with an
integrated electric motorwhich can be used for propulsion

A folding electric bicycle is a bicycle designed to fold into

a compact form, facilitating transport and storage. When folded, the
bikes can be more easily carried into buildings, on public
transportation (facilitating mixed-mode commuting and bicycle
commuting), and more easily stored in compact living quarters or
aboard a car, boat or plane.

6
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Sr. Name of Title of

Conclusions
No. Author Paper
1 Robert D. Folding This invention, which provides a folding
bicycle bicycle, comprises a foldable frame
Shomo
structure
including a front support assembly having
handlebars and arranged to be rearward
foldable.
2
The author has put forward the concept
of folding bicycle, As the folding bicycle of
Hajime a compact
the
Ishida frame
present invention comprises large wheel
folding bicycle which exactly duplicates
the looks, and feel.

7
Sr. Name of Title of
Literature Review Conclusions
No. Author Paper

3 An improved An improved locking hinge for use in a

Kao
locking hinge folding bicycle is equipped with a lever arm
P.Cheng, which
Changhu is in pivotal connection to a locking hook at
the bottom end thereof. The looking hook also
Taiwan pivotally mounted onto the handlebar of a
bicycle has a retaining recess which is made
to
engage with a locking pin mounted on the
steering stem of the bicycle so as handlebar
which is put in linear alignment with the to
get a

8
Sr. Name of Title of
Literature Review Conclusions
No. Author Paper

4 Jaime Herder Folding A folding bicycle in which all the pivoting

bicycle members have horizontally pivot axes and all the
geometry members are indirectly connected to a
single collar that slides up and down a seat post. In
order to achieve an open or closed state,
the collar is made to slide along the post and is
then secured by tightening a quick release

lever on the collar. Two front tubes mending

between the Steering head and the lower Part
Of the seat post are parallel.

9
Sr. Name of Title of
Literature Review Conclusions
No. Author Paper

5 Vipin Kumar Energy conversion In this research paper authors used the equipment with following
Yadav et. al. is simple efficient specification: Motor
and pollution free Voltage:10 volt Type: D.C. Generator, RPM:1000 rpm, Gear 1-
Mild Steel, No. of teeth:59(big gear),No. of teeth:36(small
gear),Type: Spur Gear, No. of gear used:2 Spring 1-Load bearing
capacity:60-90 kg, Mild Steel, Total displacement:5 inch, Bearing
1- Type: Ball bearing, Bearing no.N35,Shaft 1- Diameter: 15 mm-
Material: Mild steel author concluded that with these method,
energy conversion is simple efficient and pollution free.

This paper is all about generating electricity when people walk on

Shiraz Afzal et. Generating the Floor if we are able to design a power generating floor that
6 Al. electricity when can produce 100W on just 12 steps, then for 120 steps we can
people walk on the produce 1000 Watt and if we install such type of 100 floors with
Floor this system then it can produce 1MegaWattAs a fact only 11% of
renewable energy contributes to our primary energy. If this
project is deployed, then not only we can overcome the energy
crises problem but this also contributes to create a healthy global
environmental change.

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 RESEARCH GAP

Analysis of literature survey conclude that, the mechanism of folding bike

Because of chain load, frame lateral deformation during pedalling is
bigger when the rider pushes on right pedal (a pro rider may apply a
force up to two times his weight). Most of the bicycles built today utilize
heat treated steel or aluminium or titanium alloy tubing to minimize their
weight. The tubes are then welded together to create the desired fork or
frame geometryA Bicycle frame should have low weight, high lateral
stiffness and moderate vertical stiffness..

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 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Nowadays, a foldable electric bicycle is become increasingly popular

around the world. There a lot of invention of folding electric bicycle in the market
with different size, power assists material usage and folding mechanism.
However, not all the invention is perfect and suitable for all situations. For
example, larger size of bicycle have a better ride and better handling but it
difficult to carried into public transportation even in folding form and if the design
too small, it will sacrifice ride quality due to smaller wheel and to steering.
Besides that, some of the product in the market takes a longer time to fold into
compact form. So, this will be part to think the solution for related problem.
Below is the listed of problem in this study.

1. Selecting the suitable size

2. Creating a folding mechanism that will decrease time to fold
3. Selecting the right material for frame to reduced weight but can support
variable load.
4. Selecting of proper electric motor as a power assist

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 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE

The main objectives of this project are:

 To design a small electric bicycle

 To analysis the performance of motor starter
 To analysis the strength of proposed bicycle frame

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SCOPE

Scope
⦁
The focus of this study is to do a researching and developing a
foldable electric bicycle in order to reduced storage space and
being ease of movement. In this project making there are several
things which are been considerate and which are not been
considered. This research will focus on several aspects.

1. Ergonomic design of bicycle frame

2. Performance analysis of electric motor (maximum speed
and motor efficiency)
3. Material selection for bicycle frame
4. Analysis on reaction force on proposed bicycle frame

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 LITERATURE SURVEY

METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH GAP

PROBLEM DEFINATION

LITERATURE SURVEY

SELECTION OF FATIGUE TEST METHOD

MATHEMATICAL MODELING

EXPERIMENTATION BY CFT

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

COMPARISON OF RESULTS
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CONCLUSION
 METHODLOGY

 LITERATURE SURVEY

In recent years, as manufacturers of racing bicycles and bicycle

components have turned to wind tunnel testing to optimize
component design3, the athletes themselves are now able to
purchase time in wind tunnels to refine and perfect their riding
positions. Comprehensive reviews by Burke4 and Lukes cite many
efforts which validate the conventional wisdom that the main
contributors to overall drag are the rider, the frame including fork and
aerobars, and the wheels. Greenwell et.al.6 have concluded that the
drag contribution from the wheels is on the order of 10% to 15% of
the total drag, and that with improvements in wheel design, an overall
reduction in drag on the order of 2% to 3% is possible.
.

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Since their invention in 1817, bicycles have proven to be a healthy and
environmentally friendly mode of transportation for both enthusiasts and
commuters alike. Although the bicycle has remained ubiquitous over time, the
world has changed dramatically. Today, US roadways are dominated by
automobiles, aggressive, modes of human transport. Unfortunately, bikers are
considered second-class citizens as they attempt to share roadways with
motorists. In fact, this has been the situation for most of the lifetime of the
bicycle
A schematic of bicycle frame size obtained from the riding experiment is
shown in Fig. 1 Generally, the three key feature points: handlebars, the saddle
and the central crank, were used as the kernel to mark the frame size. A
represents the vertical distance from the saddle to the ground; B the vertical
distance from the crank center to the ground; C the vertical distance from the
handlebars to the ground; D the horizontal distance from the handlebars to the
saddle; and, E the horizontal distance from the crank center to the saddle. By
this marking method, different frame sizes for different human dimensions could
be clearly illustrated.
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 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

FUTURE SCOPE
1. The disc of the rim can be optimized for material saving using the work done.
2. The shape of the rim cross section can be made easier to manufacturer.
3. With proper structural analysis we can use different arrangement of cooling
holes provided on the disc.

18
 CONCLUSION

The design of foldable bicycle will based on the standard data available compared to

the foldable bicycle existing in market , our bicycle will be economical and occupies

less space . The weight of our bicycle will light than bicycle available in market ,

through the material used for fabrication is mild steel . Overall design being sturdy ,

compact and simple with no braking system required as the pedaling stops so does

the cycle .

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 CONCLUSION

It is the most efficient vehicle in the term of fuel efficiency as the input

fuel requirement is zero as it works on the human power and because of

this no pollution (air pollution) will caused by the bicycle which makes

it very environmental friendly

Improved bicycle infrastructure is positively and significantly correlated

with higher rates of commuting by bicycle that could include promotion

of folding bicycles

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 REFERENCES

[1] Hajime Ishida (1977) US patent 111447.

[2] Robert D. Shomo (1981) US patent 4417745.

[3] Kao P. Cheng, Changhua Taiwan (Feb 17 19974)

[4] Jaime Herder Perth ( Feb 18 1998) US patent6032971.

[5] Guinness World Records 2000 Millennium Edition, 2000,

p. 301

[6] Airline Baggage Regulation for Bicycle International

Bicycle Fund. Retrieved 2013
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