NCM 103/L

Fundamentals of Nursing
Practice

DIFFERENT FIELDS OF NURSING

2nd Term, 2nd Semester, SY: 2019-2020

Prepared by:
GLADYS C. YARES, RN RM
OBJECTIVES:

 Formulate concrete ideals on the ethical and moral values in

the field of nursing profession.

 Foster the positive image of a professional nurse.

 Plan individual career planning for the success of their

nursing profession.
A. CAREER PLANNING

Formulation of a program for one’s

profession and put it into action to
attain the desired goal. It is usually
done by an individual after
graduating their basic course. It is
also forecasting what you would
like to be of what you are in the
future after finishing a basic course.
B. GUIDELINES IN CHOOSING A
FIELD OF NURSING

Nurses who have to make their choices

should think of long-range goal so that
they can build up a career-ladder in
nursing.

First consideration that nurses must

make is SELF EVALUATION. They
need to consider the following:
1. their capacities
2. interests
3. qualifications
4. goals
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN MAKING
SELF EVALUATION

1. Qualifications
2. Years of experience and training
3. Age and physical condition
4. Emotional stability and goals in
life
C. FACTORS IN SELECTING A
FIELD OF NURSING

 Kind of work to be performed

 Availability of the work
 Hours of work
 Qualifications
 Opportunities for advances
 Method of entering
 Earning
 Fringe benefits
 Other benefits
D. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF
FIELDS OF NURSING

Hospital or Institutional Nursing

Public Health Nursing or Community Health Nursing
Private Duty Nursing
Industrial or Occupational Health Nursing
Nursing Education
Military Nursing
School Nursing
Clinic Nursing
Independent Nursing Practice
 INSTITUTIONAL NURSING

 Nursing in hospitals and related health facilities

such as extended care facilities, nursing homes,
and neighborhood clinics, comprises all of the
basic components of comprehensive patient care
and family health. The concept of the modern
hospital as a community health center where in
patient and out patient are continuous describes
the goal of medical care in most general hospital
ADVANTAGES OF STAFF NURSING
IN HOSPITAL
1. There is always a supervisor whom one can
consult if problem exist.
2. Nurses are updated with new trends in medicine
and in the nursing care of patients.
3. They undergo rotation to different units and have
a chance to determine their special area of choice
before they are assigned permanently in one area.
4. They have an eight hour day and forty-hour week
duty which provide for two days of rest away from
duty.
5. They have a chance to be promoted if they are
qualified.
6. Salary increases are given periodically according
to merit system
7. They are considered an important member of the
health team
8. More staff development programs are available in
the hospital.
DISADVATAGES:

1. There is a great possibility of

understaffing which may require
nurses to put in overtime work.
2. Because of the bulk of work,
some nurses do not find time to
improve their skills through
continuing education programs.
3. Administrative problems and
overwork may tend to dissatisfy
the staff nurse.
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING OR
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

 The National Health Program of the

Philippines gives as much emphasis on the
promotion of health and prevention of
diseases rather than care of the sick. It
needs a deeper involvement and close
supervision with all members of the health
team such as physicians, nurses,
epidemiologist, dentists, sanitary
inspector, sanitary engineers, nutritionist,
health educators, social workers,
community and barangay leaders.
 ADVANTAGES OF PUBLIC HEALTH
NURSING
1. The focus of nursing care is on family and
community health rather than on an individual
basis.
2. It gives the nurse a better perspective of the health
conditions of the community and the health
programs conceived by the government.
3. It maximizes efforts to improvise where there are no
sufficient facilities, supplies and equipment.
4. It enables the nurse to utilize various community
resources and maximize coordination with other
members of the health team.
5. Focus of care is more on educational and preventive
aspects.
6. Individuals, families and communities are motivated
to assume responsibility for their own health care.
 DISADVANTAGE:

1. Cases found in public health nursing are limited

mostly to chronic and communicable diseases.
2. There are more hazards in public health than in
hospital nursing.
3. There are no fixed hours of work.
4. Some claim that it is not as exciting nor as
glamorous as hospital work.
5. Facilities for care of the sick are limited so that
practice are also limited.
6. The PHN may not be immediately aware of
changes or trends in the field of nursing.
7. It is not a place for introverts.
8. There is no immediate supervisor to consult in
case of emergency.
 PRIVATE DUTY NURSING

 Nurses in private practice are

expected to be expert clinicians as
well as expert generalist in nursing.
They use the title Private Duty
Nurse, Private Nurse Practitioner,
Special Duty Nurse or Private Duty
Nurse Specialist.
 A registered nurse who undertakes
to give comprehensive nursing care
to a client on a one on one ratio.
TWO CATEGORIES:

1. General Private Duty Nurse-

providing basic nursing care to
any type of patient.

2. Private Duty Nurse Specialist-

skills in complicated devices,
interpreting, observing signs
and symptoms.
 ADVANTAGES:

1. Chance to see life as it really is, to study

human nature and to know close range
interesting people of different nationalities.
2. The opportunity to make real friends
3. Chance to travel and see the world
4. The ability to own time, adjust work and
private life, direct off duty.
5. The chance to keep abreast with the new
knowledge and procedures.
6. The challenges of giving his best in providing
care .
 DISADVANTAGES:

1. Some patients become totally dependent

on the nurse.
2. Many private duty nurses graduated so
long ago and have not upgraded their
knowledge and skills.
3. There are not enough nurses for evening
and night shift, holiday, week-ends.
4. Little assistance is given by the Head Nurse
when the patient is critically ill.
5. There are no retirement, insurance and
medicare benefits unless he provide these
for himself.
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSING
OR INDUSTRIAL NURSING
 Few nurses go into occupational health
nursing. This is because they often work
alone, and must therefore possess
maturity, experience, and wise judgment.
 Occupational health nursing is the
specialty practice that provides and
delivers health care services of workers.
The practice focuses on promotion,
protection, and supervision of workers
health within the context of a safe and
healthy environment.
 NURSING EDUCATION

 Qualifications of the Faculty:

1. Be a registered nurse in the
Philippines
2. Have at least three years of clinical
practice in a field of specialization
3. Be a member of good standing in
the accredited professional
organization of nurses
4. Be a holder of masters degree in
nursing
 MILITARY NURSING

 Three broad areas:

1. To meet the nursing needs of today’s
patient in AFP medical facilities
2. To prepare each Nurse Corps Officer for
future assignments at a higher level of
responsibility in the different stations
and general hospital in time of peace
and war
3. To teach and train enlisted personnel
who perform nursing functions under
supervision.
 QUALIFICATION FOR COMMISSION IN
THE RESERVE FORCE NURSE CORPS

1. Have a BSN from duly recognized university/college

2. Be licensed to practice nursing
3. Be a natural born Filipino citizen
4. Be single or has never been married
5. Be mentally and physically fit and cleared by
appropriate security agencies
6. Have a pleasing personality and good moral
character
7. Be skillful in applying nursing process,
communicating with others, making sound/
8. rational judgment
9. Be interested and willing to work in both
peaceful and wartime conditions
10.Height requirements: for Males: minimum of 62 in.
for Females: minimum of 60
SCHOOL HEALTH NURSING

 School health nurses often work alone, out of

touch with other nurse, the hospital and all
professional supports they have known. They
are responsible for the school activities in the
areas of health service, health education and
environmental health and safety.
 SOME RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE
SCHOOL NURSE ARE:
1. Organizing and implementing the
school health program
2. Coordinating school health programs
3. Undertaking functions directly
related to pupils health
4. Evaluating school health program
5. Carrying out functions related to the
health of school personnel
ADVANTAGES:

 School nursing affords one the opportunity to

watch children advance from grade to grade in
school health.
 Hours are usually good and there is no shift
duty.
DISADVANTAGES:

 Many school nurses do not update themselves

on the current issues in nursing making them
unaware of changes in the nursing practice.
 CLINIC NURSING

 Clinic nursing requires that a nurse possess general

skills. Usually a doctor has been in general practice
for a number of years. It is with him that the nurse
acts as a receptionist, answers phone, does the
billing, takes x-rays, and ECG, change dressing, give
injection and assist in physical examination.
Teaching patients and their families has become an
important function of the clinic nurse.
 Nurses in this field must have excellent teaching and
communication skills, exhibit organizational and
leadership ability, possess good assessment skills,
and have good insight in order to anticipate and
interpret the needs of their patient.
ADVANTAGES:

1. Favorable working hours.

2. Efficient clinic nurses are trusted in their
judgment and share in planning the care of the
patient.
INDEPENDENT NURSING
PRACTICE
 As the term implies, “independent”
means the nurse is self employed
and provides professional nursing
services to the clients and their
families. While some independent
nursing practitioners set up their
clinics near a hospital, most of them
are community based. The nurses
reach out and offer their services
rather than expect clients to seek
their help.