BREXIT

Brexit : Meaning

• A portmanteau of “British” and “Exit”.

• The scheduled withdrawal of UK from the EU, follows a

referendum held in the UK on 23 June, 2016 in which 52%
voted to leave.
European Union (EU) :
introduction
 EU is an economic & political partnership between 28 member
countries that covers much of Europe.

 EU has created a single currency and built a single market.

 Union’s founding principles are known as four freedoms, which

guarantees free movement of goods, services, people and capital.
Why EU was formed?
• In the wake of World War-II, to promote economic
cooperation & prevent further conflict between European
countries.
• Its origins lies in European Coal & Steel Community (ECSC)
formed in 1951, to integrate coal & steel industries.
• In 1958, European Economic Community was formed with
six founding members.
• In 1993, EEC changed its name to EU.
EU’s Timeline
1957 - EU 2004
2007
Belgium, France, Ten Countries
Germany, Italy, Bulgaria & Romania
Luxembourg, Largest single
joined
Netherlands enlargement

1995
1973
Austria, Finland & 2013
UK, Denmark & Ireland Sweden Croatia joined
joined
joined

1986
1981
Spain & Portugal
Greece Joined
joined
Why UK wants to leave EU?
•Threat to Sovereignty

•Immigration Crisis

•Demographic and cultural factors

Complication in Brexit

• UK is the union of 4 countries named Wales , Northern Ireland , Scotland

and England .

• The country had seen referendum in 2016 when 52% of the people voted
in favour of Brexit which is very Narrow Majority.

• Region like Northern Ireland and Scotland voted against the Brexit.
• The 1998 Good Friday Agreement prevent hard border in Northern
Ireland and Republic of Ireland and as UK and Ireland become
member of EU, the integration and movement become flawless
between both the countries.

• After Brexit there would be hard borders in Northern Ireland which

would heat the situation and can result into violence.

• The Brexit made crack within the union which threaten the very
integrity of the union as Northern Ireland either has to accept backstop
or annul Good Friday Agreement.
• Scotland had seen their own referendum earlier on independence
where they decided to remain part of union as UK give them automatic
entry into the EU.

• The Scotland act 1998 devolve lot of power to the Scotland and help
supress their nationalist fervour but as the talk of Brexit progress, their
nationalist sentiment will resurface also.
Irish Stew
• Two Camps in Northern Ireland (i.e., Unionist & Nationalist)

• Both have different goals & to avoid the difference between them Mrs.
May proposed the custom partnership and maximum facilitation
which were refused by EU

• EU proposes Backstop, where whole UK need to remain in the

customs union which prevent it to make free trade deal with other
countries, until the deal is struck between EU and UK and make border
in Irish sea between northern Ireland and rest of UK which is not
acceptable to the DUP (Northern Ireland party).
Explanation of Brexit Mayhem

• Brexit is the catalyst for the long simmering civil war between well off
Britons and left behind Britons.
• Model of leadership has been disintegrating.
• Britain is governed by self involved clique which rewarded group
membership over competence
• Unwritten Constitution
 Brexit exposed two deeper problems

• If a country wants to take back control in globalised setting and want

to set its own standard and rule they must follow the rule dictate by
larger partners without having say in that

• The fault line between Direct Democracy and Representative

Democracy becomes visible.
Possible outcomes of Brexit

NO DEAL BREXIT

GENERAL ELECTIONS

SECOND REFERENDUM
Consequences of No Deal Brexit
• Massive repercussion in economic and social terms, like:
• trade would take place at mere WTO terms and movement of goods
would be severely restricted hampering UK growth prospects
• Fall in value of pound and businesses will be hit due to certain tariff
and non-tariff barriers in short term.
• EU wont provide access to market for goods and services at level
playing field.
• At the end they have to go for deal with EU but with weaker
bargaining position and small counterpart which will lead to lopsided
deal.