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“Extension Strategies for Doubling Farmers Income”

Dr. Irfan Bisati


Major Challenges
• Sustainability of agricultural production systems,
• Food and nutritional security
• Increasing population pressure
• Over exploitation of natural resources.
• High cost of inputs,
• Frequent droughts,
• Increased severity of insect-pests and diseases,
• Natural vagaries
• Uncertain market prices for the agricultural produce.
• Craze among the youth for white collar jobs
• Lack of storage and processing facility

Urgent need to develop cost-effective alternative farming


systems to increase farmers' income
• Economic indicators: farmers, remain in
frequent distress, despite higher productivity
and production.
• The demand for income growth from farming
activity, has also translated into demand for
government to procure and provide suitable
returns.
• Self-sustainable models empowered with
improved market linkage as the basis for
income growth of farmers.
Farmer is now caught in the vortex

• As many as 22.50 per cent of the farmers live below


poverty line.
• Water is also under stress.
• Climate change is beginning to challenge the farmer’s
• Technology fatigue.
• India’s yield averages for most crops at global level do
not compare favourably.
• Rising cost of cultivation .
• Food loss and food waste is alarming.
• No assured remunerative returns on farmers produce.
• In short, sustainability of agricultural growth faces
serious doubt, and agrarian challenge even in the midst
of surpluses has emerged as a core concern
Fragmentation of land holdings:
• Focus on cooperative/ contract farming,
• Place greater emphasis on value chain
systems,
• infrastructure development, and
• undertake policy reforms.
• Focussed approach by the centre and state
governments
Steps to be undertaken to increase farm income

• Protected cultivation of off season vegetables


• Precision farming
• High-density plantings of different fruit crops.
• Large scale production of flowers and bulbs in niche
areas
• agro-forestry
• mushroom cultivation
• beekeeping
• sericulture and
• medicinal plants
Success

Production
Half Done
Non -sustainable

Agriculture Storage
Marketing
Suitable returns

Post Production Record Output


Agitations
Dumping
tomatoes,onions,milk
June -July 2017
No nation can afford to compromise
with its farming and farmers
• Particularly India:
• Households engaged in agriculture: (119 million)
• Landless agricultural labour : (144.30 million)

The welfare is predicated upon a robust agricultural


growth strategy, guided by an income enhancement
approach.
DFI Committee
vide Government O. No. 15-3/2016-FW dated 13th April, 2016
• World of research • kaleidoscope of knowledge
• Academics • Information
• Non-government • Wisdom
organisations • Experience
• Farmers’ organisations • analysis and
• Professional associations • unconventionality to the
• Trade treatment of the subject.
• Industry
• Commerce •Countless number of internal
• Consultancy bodies meetings
• Policy makers at central & • Multiple stakeholder meetings
state levels and •Conferences & workshops
• Many more of various across the country and others
domain strengths. • Field visits
Net return is a function of gross return
minus the cost of production

productivity gains

Net return is a
reduction in cost of
function of gross
cultivation
return minus the
cost of remunerative price
production
Strategy concerns
Sustainability of production

Monetisation of farmers’ produce

Re-strengthening of extension services

Reorganising agriculture as an enterprise


& address weaknesses
700 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs)
located in all the districts of the
country for

Generating of transferable
technologies of pre-production,
production and post-production
stages

related Ministries/Departments

113 Research Centres/Institutes of ICAR


>77 State Agricultural (SAUs) – Central
Agricultural Universities
Water and Land Management Institutes
(WALMI),
Transfer various
technologies

Information on
weather and
market Negotiating
situation several risks

Agricultural
Extension
Informal education
Continuous
Alerts on Farm -Gate
infestation of
pests and
diseases, Communicates the
cyclones, developmental
floods, programmes of
hailstorms, government
inputs, credit &
insurance facilities,
infrastructure,
processing, post-
harvest technologies
and marketing
Agricultural Extension
• Enhance agricultural production by providing the
knowledge
– to make improvements in agricultural practices,
– by removing constraints which may hamper the process of
increasing farm production
(Rivera W.M. 2001)
• ‘a service to “extend” research based knowledge to the
rural sector to improve the lives of farmers’
(Kapoor, 2010)
• bridging technology gap or management gap or both
– providing better inputs like improved seeds, fertilizers,
machinery etc.
– better farm management practices such as quantity &
timing of applying inputs (Anderson ,2008)
CHINESE PROVERB

“Don’t offer a person


with a fish a day,
but
Teach him how to fish.”
Multidirectional interaction

Extension
Link Market
Breakage Link

Research Education
Coordination …the key to success

Coordination and linkage of University with


Development Department, GoJK through
• Pre -SAC
• SAC
• REAC
• ECM
• SAMETI (Capacity Building Programmes)
• Demonstration (FLDs/OFTs/ Minikits)
• Kisan Mela/Ghosties/Field days
• Exposure visits
Statutory Meetings

Research & Extension


Advisory Committee (REAC)

44th REAC (Rabi-2018) : Oct 11th , 2018

45th REAC (Kharif-2019) : Feb 25th , 2019


Holding of 46th REAC (Rabi-2019) Meeting : October 28th , 2019
Statutory Meetings (ECM)

Extension Council Meeting (ECM)

29th ECM : April 16th , 2018


Holding of Pre-SAC

Being held
separately for
all disciplines
at Directorate

26 to 31st Dec, 2019

……….Senior Scientist & Head KVKs with the request to depute the concerned scientists on
the given dates after threadbare discussion at KVK level and with officers of the respective
Development Department.
Holding of SAC

District Sectorial Head as Member(s) of Scientific


Advisory Committee for finalization of KVK Action
Plan based on the research priorities / feedback
regarding Agriculture & Allied sectors provided by
them.
SAMETI-Kashmir (HRD)

Gist of trainings imparted through SAMETI Kashmir during 218-19

No of trainings conducted during


the period under report= 24

No of participants (extension functionaries/


officers from Dev Depts. = 436
“ Recent advances in Livestock & poultry disease diagnosis : July 24-26th , 2018
Holding of monthly workshop at Directorate

Monthly workshops for capacity


building:

 Message on likely problems


discussed
 Recommendations by concerned
scientists given

Stakeholders:
Head/ Scientists from KVKs
HoDs or representative Divisions
Officers from Line Departments
PGDAEM –MANAGE examination view at Directorate
Holding of Model Training Courses (MTCs)

MoA&FA sponsored MTC :


Officers/ extension
functionaries from Dev.
Departments throughout
the country
Researchable Issues

A. Crop Improvement
• Development of high yielding varieties of various crops for
wider adaptability and resistance to various biotic and
abiotic stresses and resilient to climate change through
exploitation of land races, agronomic basis and
biotechnological approaches using conventional as well as
non-conventional breeding approaches
• Development of apple varieties having higher levels of
resistance against apple scab, sanjos scale, and other pests.
• Development of composites/ hybrids in maize to assure
nutritional security and to promote industrial use of maize
with specific desirable quality traits
Researchable Issues..contd..
• Identification of new entries for intercropping system.

• Strengthening quality planting material for horticulture


crops and strengthening of quality seed production

• Refinement and validation of new technologies by KVKs


while making them available through research system.

• Integrated management practices for crop production and


protection.
Researchable Issues..contd..

• Development/identification of hybrids and varieties of


potential vegetable crops , standardization of production
technology thereof
• impact assessment of mandated activities and policy
evaluation to suggest/ affect necessary changes
• Integration of production with marketing through value
addition and evaluation of supply chain management and
emerging market systems
Researchable Issues
.
B. Crop protection
• Continuous surveillance of major diseases and pests of
important crops
• Development of integrated disease and pest management
modules suitable for organic and protected agricultural
conditions
• Formulation of bio-intensive IPM strategies for the
management of various pests
• Collection and utilization of local strains of entomo-pathogenic
organisms for insect/ pest management under organic farming
situations
• Identification and utilization of native botanicals for eco-
friendly pest management
• Weed management studies in major crops
Researchable Issues
.
C. Horticulture
• Separate package of practices for HDP in Apple
• Development of production module for organic fruit farming
• Nutrient indexing and improvement of soil health
• Determining suitability of new improved apple, pear and cherry
varieties and rootstocks for commercialization
• Evaluation of walnut bud-wood for wide adaptability
• Development of technology for integrated nutrient/pest
management, irrigation and fertigation modules in fruits and
vegetables
• Generation of data base of pollinator diversity in different
horticultural crops
Researchable Issues

• Identification of potential bee- keeping belts in different blocks

• Identification of safe waiting periods of pesticides on


horticultural crops

• Standardization of alternative propagation techniques and


quality nursery production of fruit crops

• Studies on economic and marketing aspects of minor fruits


Researchable Issues
D. Animal husbandry
• Technical analysis of livestock health and reproduction facilities
• Development of a strategic dairy farming package for livestock
farmers in the state
• Identification of the technical gaps in attaining the profitability
under hill cattle production system
• Development of strategic feed supplementation in animals to
improve profitability of livestock sector
• Surveillance, monitoring and control of the diseases of animals
and birds including wild fauna
• Pharmacological and toxicological studies on the poisonous
plants around production centers
Researchable Issues
D. Animal husbandry
• Identification of the indigenous livestock health practices among
livestock farmers in the state
• Diagnosis imaging for early and accurate management of
surgical afflictions in animals
• Evaluation of medicinal plants/ herbs utilized in soft and hard
tissue healing in animals
• Development of safe and suitable balanced anesthetic
techniques for ponies and wild animal of the district
• Standardization and further application of endoscopic and
laproscopic techniques in clinical cases of abdominal disorders in
small and large animal
Researchable Issues
E. Floriculture
• Identification of niches suitable for different flower crops
• Availability of quality germplasm/ planting material of various
flower crops to the growers at affordable prices
• Standardization of location-specific production technology for
different flower crops
• Standardization of nutrients and integrated management (INM
and IPM)
• Market analysis and management of commercial flowers
• Post-harvest management and maintaining the cool chain
• Refinement of infrastructure (greenhouse technology)
Researchable Issues
F. Fisheries
• Preparation and formulation of package of practices for different
fish production.

• Development of technologies to harness trout fish production


potential.
Imperatives

• Augmentation of land for cultivation

• Strict implementation of land law and urban planning

• Bridging technological and yield gaps

• improvement of Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) for augmenting


better production /productivity trends.

• Expansion of irrigation potential

• Identification of niches on comparative advantage

• Scientific management of agricultural practices/ activities


Extension
• Assessment of Technologies
• Demonstration of Technologies
• Establishment of Pulses Seed hubs
• Production of technological products
• Seed & Planting materials
• Livestock, poultry and fish fingerlings
• Awareness on Improved Technologies and Government
Schemes
• Mobile Advisory to Farmers
• Skill Development Training Programmes
• Soil Testing for Sustainable Agriculture
• Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture (ARYA)
• Farmer FIRST Programme
Conclusion
1. Increasing the productivity, quality
production and reducing the cost of
production
2. Access to assured market
3. Policy support
4. Diversity

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