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This document discusses biochemical tests as objective measures of nutritional status and dietary intake. It provides examples of biomarkers found in blood, urine, and hair that can indicate levels of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. While biochemical tests provide valuable information, interpretation requires caution as guidelines vary based on individual health factors. Biomarkers can help diagnose deficiencies but do not replace subjective dietary assessment methods.
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5 Evaluation of nutritional status -nutritional assessment - PART II.ppt
This document discusses biochemical tests as objective measures of nutritional status and dietary intake. It provides examples of biomarkers found in blood, urine, and hair that can indicate levels of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. While biochemical tests provide valuable information, interpretation requires caution as guidelines vary based on individual health factors. Biomarkers can help diagnose deficiencies but do not replace subjective dietary assessment methods.
This document discusses biochemical tests as objective measures of nutritional status and dietary intake. It provides examples of biomarkers found in blood, urine, and hair that can indicate levels of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. While biochemical tests provide valuable information, interpretation requires caution as guidelines vary based on individual health factors. Biomarkers can help diagnose deficiencies but do not replace subjective dietary assessment methods.
(Nutritional Assessment) 2- Biochemical test (Biomarkers of dietary intake) 2- Biochemical test (Biomarkers of dietary intake) All estimates of food intake are subjective. Some subjects forget, Some did not notice what food they ate, Some do not report because they would be ashamed to admit having that food, drink or amount.
The search is on for biomarkers which are objective
biochemical indices of dietary intake. For some food components there are useful biomarkers; for others there is nothing available. Example: protein intake is reflected by 24-hr urinary nitrogen. Biochemical tests: Biochemical tests are an integral part of modern medical diagnosis: -Take sample of: blood, urine, feces -Measure for levels of enzymes, nutrients OR metabolites Examples: -Serum albumin indicative of protein status -Blood hemoglobin indicative of iron status -Plasma sodium & potassium concentrations are essential for diagnosing & treating difficult electrolyte disorders -Plasma or red cell folate & plasma B12 should be measured before treating patient with megaloplastic anemia With most other nutrients also, biochemical tests have been developed which can be used: (a) To confirm diagnosis of a deficiency disease in places where it is uncommonly seen or where the clinical picture is complicated, OR
(b) In community surveys and general practice to
find individuals with subclinical nutrient deficiencies. Biochemical indicators of nutritional status
Biochemical indicators can include assessment
of blood and urine samples for levels of: o A variety of nutrients, &/or o Their by-products, or o For levels of nutrient-linked enzyme activities.
Analysis may also be performed on samples of hair.
Blood samples Blood can provide a great deal of information. Analysis can be used to determine: Actual levels of a nutrient in relation to expected values – Plasma vit C, red cell folate The activity of a nutrient-dependent enzyme – Transketolase for thiamin The activity of a nutrient-related enzyme – Alkaline phosphatase for vit D The rate of a nutrient-dependent reaction – Clotting time for vit K The presence of a nutrient carrier or its saturation level – Retinol-binding protein – Transferrin (iron) Levels of nutrient-related products – Lipoprotein levels Urine and hair Urine o For some nutrients such as sodium, iodine, phosphorus urinary excretion is the best way to establish status….. But complete urine collections are difficult to obtain. Hair o Levels of some trace elements o Scientific accuracy not proven Data Interpretation
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