English 1013

Purposive
Communication
 II. Communicating Effectively in a
Multicultural World

Principles and Process

Of Effective
Communication

“Many can argue-not many can converse.”

A. Bronson Alcot
Sender

 highly important element being the

source of the idea.
 As the sender, it is expected that one
processes the skills required in transmitting
messages.

Skills required is the ability to use the

language that the receiver understands.
Along with using the appropriate
language is the application of linguistic
features such as :

-Correct grammar
- phonetics ( for spoken language)
- choice of words or jargons for an
appropriate audience
- sentence construction
- discourse competence
 The sender’s credibility is of importance
as well. People will more likely reject a
message if the sender is proven to be
unreliable.

 The message will only be as good and

valid as its source.
Delivery
 In oral communication, this include:
-good voice projection
- use of appropriate eye contact
- proper articulation of words
- emphasis on important words
-Using appropriate intonation in
order to avoid misunderstanding on
the part of the listener or conflict
between the interlocutors.
Receiver
 Receivers of the message must have good
listening and comprehensive skills.
** good listening skills requires :
- focus on what is conveyed
- eliminate all possible distractions
**Good comprehension skills requires :
- sharpness of cognition which can be
achieved through continuous studies
and acquisition of information and
knowledge.
Message
 For messages to be accurately
understood and positively received, the C’s
of Communication may be followed:
1. Courtesy = politeness

-use of polite words and tone

- tact and diplomacy in communication
- “we” attitude
- using positive words
- being considerate of the feelings of the
receiver
 -selecting gender-free terms
- responding promptly to important
messages
2. Clarity
-Correct word usage, grammar,
pronunciation, sentence construction, and
delivery.
3. Conciseness = “ saying what needs to
be said in as few words as possible”

-Flowery languages must be avoided

because our goal is to communicate.
4. Concreteness = being specific

-Provide examples when necessary to make

the message more comprehensible.

5. Completeness = avoid ambiguity

-What, Who, When , Where, Why and How

must be answered
The Importance of Feedback
 there messages that can trigger positive
reactions or negative depending on the
kind of messages relayed. , how it is
communicated and how it is interpreted.

 it is therefore important to know the

feedback of the audience/listener in order
to make the necessary clarifications and
revisions of our messages.
Channels
 communication technologies ( smart
phones, tablets, computers, etc.) and the
older (traditional ) forms such as radios,
newspapers, etc.
 Ethics of
Effective
Communication

“Education without values, as useful as it is,

seems rather to make man more clever devil.”
-C.S Lewis
ETHICS = Greek word
= Ethnos = custom, habit, character
or outlook.

Regardless of an individual’s moral principle ,

ethics in communication can take universal
approach which can be displayed in several
ways including but not limited to the
following:
1. Adhering to the golden rule or the
platinum rule.

 Always treat others in the same way you

want to be treated.
2. Considering the feelings of the
receiver
 maintain tact and diplomacy in our
communications.
3. Acknowledging the source of idea
and information.
 it is unethical and unlawful for someone to
convey other people’s intellectual property
without recognizing the author’s names or
organization.

4. Speaking the truth

Avoid propagating falsehood. ( example:
fake news and alternative facts )