A PLANNING REVOLUTION

SOCIAL PLANNING [PARTICIPATION /

GENDER / RACE]

By Asuncion, Pines Raphael A.

Submitted to Ar. Irene G. Florendo
 Table of Contents

 Terminologies
 Introduction
 Types of facilities / description /
discussion
 Case Study
 Applications
 References
TERMINOLOGIES
 Terminologies

“Social” the term refers to society.

“Plan” is a blue print of action. “Planning” is to
devise detailed methods of doing things using
different approaches to be adopted. It is a fore
thought.
“Strategy” is a plan of action designed to
achieve the set goals.
 Terminologies

“Social Planning” is used generically to

described the planning of social services or
efforts to improve the quality of life in
communities.
Social Planning is also referred to as
“Neighborhood planning” if it take place in
community settings.
“Participation” the action of taking part in
something.
 Terminologies

“Gender” either of the two sexes (male and

female), especially when considered with
reference to social and cultural differences
rather than biological ones. The term is also used
more broadly to denote a range of identities
that do not correspond to established ideas of
male and female
INTRODUCTION
Introduction: From a HISTORICAL APPROACH,
-social planning comes from social philosophy theories
and development of social sciences of the late 19th
century. After the World War I because of unorganized
situations of the European countries, the first models of
social development planning paid less attention to basic
theories and used engineering principles and techniques.
So the aim is to review social engineering and
development of social planning.
Social Planning is a PROCESS that helps
communities identify strengths and weaknesses
and determine ways to improve the quality of life
in the community.
Social Planning is a process for planning social
services programs, services, and policies.
Government agencies engage in large-scale
development, research, and planning to address
social problems.
Social Planning is concerned with defining
goals, determining future activities,
identifying resources and ways to
accomplish those set goals meant for social
development.
Social Development is equate with a series
of completed stages. Like having to climb
the rungs of a ladder, one moves up and up
in order to become more and more
developed.
Development is always conceived within a
twin framework of self and other
development. Social development represent
a holistic approach that is dynamic and
process oriented.
 FACILITIES/
DESCRIPTION /
DISCUSSION
 Major Social Planning
Approaches
Rapid rural appraisal (RRA) is a repertoire of informal
techniques used to collect and analyze data about local
situations and people. The findings are shared with the
community and usually result in community actions or
changes
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) is an approach used by
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other
agencies involved in international development. The
approach aims to incorporate the knowledge and
opinions of rural people in the planning and management
of development projects and programs
Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) is an
approach for learning about and engaging with
communities. It combines an ever-growing toolkit
of participatory and visual methods with natural
interviewing techniques and is intended to
facilitate a process of collective analysis
and learning.
 Strategies of Social
Development
The big push model is a concept in development
economics or welfare economics that emphasizes
that a firm's decision whether to industrialize or not
depends on its expectation of what other firms will
do. It assumes economies of scale and oligopolistic
market structure and explains when industrialization
would happen.
The critical minimum effort theory was propounded
by Prof. Harvey Leibenstein in his book Economic
Backwardness and Economic growth. He discusses
that underdeveloped countries are characterized by
vicious circle of poverty which keeps them around a
low income per capita equilibrium state
The Balanced Growth Theory is an
economic theory pioneered by the economist
Ragnar Nurkse (1907–1959). The theory hypothesis
that the government of any underdeveloped country
needs to make large investments in a number of
industries simultaneously.
Unbalanced Growth Theory: Explanation, Process
and Priorities. ADVERTISEMENTS: According to
Hirschman, “Development is a chain of disequilibria
that must be kept alive rather than eliminate the
disequilibrium of which profits and losses are
symptoms in a competitive economy.
Unified Approach to Development – This
approach was to include the following components:
To leave no section of the population outside the scope
of change and development
To effect structural change which favors national
development and incorporates all sectors of population
to participate in the process of development.
To aim at social equity, including achievement of
equitable distribution of resources in the nation.
To give high priority to the development of the human
potentialities.
Basic Needs Approach– according to Streeten, there
are two ways of defining basic needs approach to
development:
First approach – to include components of previous strategies
and approaches like – rural development, urban poverty
alleviation, employment generation through small scale
industries, redistribution of growth and other equity oriented
approaches, with an emphasis towards social services and
transfer payments for all those who are deprived.
Second approach – this approach focuses on channeling
resources to particular groups identified as deficient in these
resources. It is derived from the aim of meeting basic human
needs for changing compositions of output – rate of growth
and its components and distribution of purchasing power.
Holistic Development - is an approach to
learning that emphasises the importance of the
physical, emotional and psychological well-
being of children, particularly in early
childhood
 Stages of Social Development
Physical Stage – Society is preoccupied with bare survival and
subsistence. It is the agrarian or feudal phase, where wealth is
measured in terms of land holdings.
Vital Stage – Societies become adventurous, curious and
innovative, where people try to explore. Money becomes
powerful and trade law get recognition.
Mental Stage – Incorporates practical, social and political
application of mind. Societies become more better life
(Human Rights, Democracy etc,) are emphasized.
 Social Development Indicators
Examples of social indicators cover the full range of issues that matter for
individual, community and societal well-being. Common examples include:
 Poverty rate
 Inequality rate
 Educational attainment
 Life expectancy
 Employment and unemployment rates
 Obesity rate
 Fertility rate
 Health expenditure
 Suicide rates
 Youth neither in employment, education nor training (NEET rate)
 Life satisfaction (objective and subjective)
CASE STUDY
The social development
perspective seeks to end the
bifurcation of economic
and social policy and to
ensure that social policy is not
subsidiary to the economy.
References:

 https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/97801997323
26.001.0001/acprof-9780199732326
 https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2365&context
=jssw
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292521858_The_social_develop
ment_perspective_in_social_policy
 https://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/departments/esic/overview/conten
t/what_is_social_development.html
 http://www.indsocdev.org/defining-social-development.html
 Hajyousefi A. Summery Social Planning History and Development. Quarterly