MCQ1

MCQ: SIGNALS, SPECTRA AND
PROCESSING
Prepared by: Engr . Keilla Marie R.

Leopando
MCQ: SIGNALS, SPECTRA & PROCESSING
1. The type of systems which are

characterized by input and the
output quantized at certain levels
are called as
a) analog
b) discrete
c) continuous
d) digital
ANSWER: B
Discrete systems have their input and

output values restricted to enter some
quantized/discretized levels.
2. The type of systems which are

characterized by input and the output
capable of taking any value in a
particular set of values are called as
a) analog
b) discrete
c) digital
d) continuous
ANSWER: D
Continuous systems have a

restriction on the basis of the upper
bound and lower bound, but within
this set, the input and output can
assume any value. Thus, there are
infinite values attainable in this
system
3. An example of a discrete set of

information/system is
a) the trajectory of the Sun
b) data on a CD
c) universe time scale
d) movement of water through a
pipe
Answer: b
Explanation: The rest of the
parameters are continuous in
nature. Data is stored in the form of
discretized bits on CDs.
4. A system which is linear is said to

obey the rules of
a) scaling
b) additivity
c) both scaling and additivity
d) homogeneity
Answer: c
Explanation: A system is said to be
additive and scalable in order to be
classified as a linear system.
5. A time invariant system is a

system whose output
a) increases with a delay in input
b) decreases with a delay in input
c) remains same with a delay in
input
d) vanishes with a delay in input
Answer: c
Explanation: A time invariant
system’s output should be directly
related to the time of the output.
There should be no scaling, i.e. y(t)
= f(x(t)).
6. Should real time instruments like

oscilloscopes be time invariant?
a) Yes
b) Sometimes
c) Never
d) They have no relation with time
variance
Answer: a
Explanation: Oscilloscopes should
be time invariant, i.e they should
work the same way everyday, and
the output should not change with
the time at which it is operated.
7. All real time systems concerned

with the concept of causality are
a) non causal
b) causal
c) neither causal nor non causal
d) memoryless
Answer: b
Explanation: All real time systems
are causal, since they cannot have
perception of the future, and only
depend on their memory
8. A system is said to be defined as non

causal, when
a) the output at the present depends on the
input at an earlier time
b) the output at the present does not
depend on the factor of time at all
c) the output at the present depends on the
input at the current time
d) the output at the present depends on the
input at a time instant in the future
Answer: d
Explanation: A non causal system’s
output is said to depend on the
input at a time in the future.
9. When we take up design of systems, ideally how

do we define the stability of a system?
a) A system is stable, if a bounded input gives a
bounded output, for some values of the input
b) A system is unstable, if a bounded input gives a
bounded output, for all values of the input
c) A system is stable, if a bounded input gives a
bounded output, for all values of the input
d) A system is unstable, if a bounded input gives a
bounded output, for some values of the input
Answer: c
Explanation: For designing a
system, it should be kept in mind
that the system does not blow out
for a finite input. Thus, every finite
input should give a finite output.
10. All causal systems must have

the component of
a) memory
b) time invariance
c) stability
d) linearity
Answer: a
Explanation: Causal systems
depend on the functional value at
an earlier time, compelling the
system to possess memory.
11. Amplifiers, motors, filters etc.

are examples for which type of
system?
a) Distributed parameter systems
b) Unstable systems
c) Discrete time systems
d) Continuous time systems
Answer: d
Explanation: Amplifiers, motors, filters etc.
are examples of continuous time systems as
these systems operate on a continuous time
input signal and produce a continuous time
output signal. Whereas discrete time
systems operate on discrete time signals,
distributed parameter systems have signals
which are functions of space as well as time
and unstable systems produce unbounded
output from bounded or unbounded input.
12. Which among the following systems are

described by partial differential functions?
a) Causal Systems and Dynamic systems
b) Distributed parameter systems and linear
systems
c) Distributed parameter systems and
Dynamic systems
d) Causal systems and linear systems
Answer: c
Explanation: In distributed parameter
systems, signals are functions of
space as well as time. In dynamic
systems the output depends on past,
present and future values of input,
hence, both of these systems are
described by differential functions.
13.Which one of the following

systems is causal?
a) y(t)=x(t)+x(t-3)+x(t2)
b) y(n)=x(n+2)
c) y(t)=x(t-1)+x(t-2)
d) y(n)=x(2n2)
Answer: c
Explanation: A causal system is one in which
the output depends on the present or past
values of the input, not future. If it depends
on future values then it is non-causal. For
y(t)=x(t)+x(t-3)+x(t2), y(n)=x(n+2), and
y(n)=x(2n2), the output depends on future
values i.e., x (t2), x (n + 2) and x (2n2)
respectively. Whereas in y(t)=x(t-1)+x(t-2),
the output y(t) depends on past values only
i.e., x(t – 1) and x(t – 2).
14. Which among the following is

not a linear system?
Answer: A
15.
a) Static, linear, causal and time

variant
b) Dynamic, non – linear, causal
and time invariant
c) Static, non – linear, causal and
time variant
d) Dynamic, non – linear, causal
and time variant
Answer: B
16. Which one of the following is an

example of a bounded signal?
a) et coswt
b) et sinw(-t)
c) e-t coswt
d) et cosw(-t)
Answer: c
Explanation: A bounded signal is the one which
satisfies the condition |x(t)|< M < ∞ for all t.
Clearly, the signals et coswt, et sinw(-t) and et
cosw(-t) are exponentially growing signals as the
power of the function is positive i.e., the signals will
grow beyond infinity. Whereas the signal e-t coswt
is an exponentially decaying signal, hence it will
decay to zero and will always be less than infinity.
Therefore, it is bounded.
17. A system produces zero output

for one input and same gives the
same output for several other
inputs. What is the system called?
a) Non – invertible System
b) Invertible system
c) Non – causal system
d) Causal system
Answer: A
Explanation: A system is said to be
invertible if the input fed to the system
can be retrieved from the output of the
system. Otherwise the system is non-
invertible. Also, if a system gives zero
output for any input and gives the same
output for many inputs, then the
system is non-invertible.
18. Which among the following is a

LTI system?
a) dy(t)/dt+ty(t)=x(t)
b) y(t)=x(t)cosπt
c) y(n)=x(n)+nx(n-1)
d) y(n)=x3 (n+1)
Answer: d
Explanation: A system is said to be linear time invariant (LTI) if the
input-output characteristics do not change with time.
This expression has a coefficient which is a function of time. ∴ the
system is time variant.
Output when input is delayed by T, y(t,T)=x(t-T)cosπt
If the output is delayed by T, y(t-T)=x(t-T)cosπ(t-T)
Clearly, both expressions are not equal ∴ The system is time variant.
Output when input is delayed by N, y(n,N)=x(n-N)+nx(n-1-N)
If the output is delayed by N, y(n-N)=x(n-N)+(n-N)x(n-1-N)
Clearly, both expressions are not equal ∴ The system is time variant.
Output when input is delayed by N, y(n,N)=x3 (n+1-N)
If the output is delayed by N, y(n-N)= x3 (n+1-N)
Clearly, both expressions are equal. ∴ The system is time invariant.
19. A signal is a physical quantity

which does not vary with
____________
a) Time
b) Space
c) Independent Variables
d) Dependent Variables
Answer: d
Explanation: A signal is a physical
quantity which varies with time,
space or any other independent
variables. Therefore, it does not
vary with dependent variables.
20. Most of the signals found in

nature are _________
a) Continuous-time and discrete-
time
b) Continuous-time and digital
c) Digital and Analog
d) Analog and Continuous-time
Answer: d
Explanation: Signals naturally are
continuous-time signals. These are
also known as analog signals.
Continuous-time or analog signals
are defined for all values of time t.
21. Which one of the following is

not a characteristic of a
deterministic signal?
a) Exhibits no uncertainty
b) Instantaneous value can be
accurately predicted
c) Exhibits uncertainty
d) Can be represented by a
mathematical equation
Answer: c
Explanation: Deterministic signal is
one which exhibits no uncertainty
and its instantaneous value can be
accurately predicted from its
mathematical equation. Therefore,
a deterministic signal doesn’t
exhibit uncertainty. However, a
random is always uncertain.
22. Determine the fundamental

period of the following
signal:sin60t.
a) 1/60 sec
b) 1/30 sec
c) 1/20 sec
d) 1/10 sec
Answer: b
Explanation: Consider the equation:
sinΩ0t. Comparing this equation
with the one given in the question:
sin60t
⇒ Ω0=60π
23. Sum of two periodic signals is a

periodic signal when the ratio of
their time periods is ____________
a) A rational number
b) An irrational number
c) A complex number
d) An integer
Answer: a
Explanation: Sum of two periodic
signals is a periodic signal only
when the ratio of their time periods
is a rational number or it is the ratio
of two integers. For e.g., T1/T2 =
5/7 → Periodic; T1/T2 = 5 →
Aperiodic.
24. What is the even component of

a discrete-time signal?
Answer: B
25. For an energy signal

__________
a) E=0
b) P= ∞
c) E= ∞
d) P=0
Answer: d
Explanation: A signal is called an
energy signal if the energy satisfies
0<E< ∞ and power P=0.

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MCQ: SIGNALS, SPECTRA AND

Prepared by: Engr . Keilla Marie R.

1. The type of systems which are

Discrete systems have their input and

2. The type of systems which are

Continuous systems have a

3. An example of a discrete set of

4. A system which is linear is said to

5. A time invariant system is a

6. Should real time instruments like

7. All real time systems concerned

8. A system is said to be defined as non

9. When we take up design of systems, ideally how

10. All causal systems must have

11. Amplifiers, motors, filters etc.

12. Which among the following systems are

13.Which one of the following

14. Which among the following is

a) Static, linear, causal and time

16. Which one of the following is an

17. A system produces zero output

18. Which among the following is a

19. A signal is a physical quantity

20. Most of the signals found in

21. Which one of the following is

22. Determine the fundamental

23. Sum of two periodic signals is a

24. What is the even component of

25. For an energy signal

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