Parts of Speech

Nouns
 A noun is a word that names a person,
place, thing, or idea.
 A singular noun names ONE person,
place, thing, or idea
 A plural noun names MORE than ONE.

 A collective noun names a group.

 Nouns

 Let’spractice identifying singular

and plural nouns.
 http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/
grammar/noun_exercise2.htm
 Nouns
A proper noun is an noun that names
a particular person, place, thing or
idea. A proper noun begins with a
capital letter.
 A common noun is the general name
or a person, place, thing, or idea.
 Nouns

A concrete noun names an object

that occupies space or can be
recognized by any of the five
senses.
 An abstract noun names an idea
quality, or characteristic.
 Nouns

 Let’srevisit our painting and decide

which nouns are concrete and
which nouns are abstract.
 http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/
grammar/noun_exercise2.htm
 Pronouns
 A pronoun is a word that takes the place
of a noun.
 A personal pronoun replaces a specific
person, place or thing and can be either
singular or plural.
 Personal pronouns are also classified by
person depending on the person speaking.
 Pronouns

 Firstperson pronouns
Singular Plural
I we
Me us
 Pronouns

 Second
person pronouns
Singular Plural
You you
 Pronouns

 Thirdperson pronouns
Singular Plural
He, him, she they, them
Her, it
 Pronouns

Apossessive pronoun indicates

possession or ownership.
st
1 person

Singular Plural
My, mine our, ours
 Possessive Pronouns

 Second
Person
Singular Plural
Your, yours your, yours
 Possessive Pronouns

 3rd
Person
Singular Plural
His, her, its their, theirs
 Reflexive Pronouns
 Refer to a noun or another pronoun and
indicates that the same person or thing is
involved.
Singular Plural
 Myself ourselves
 Yourself yourselves
 Himself, herself, themselves
itself
 Interrogative Pronouns
 Pronouns that ask a question.
 Who whose whom what
which
 Intensive interrogative pronouns
include whoever, whatever, whichever,
and whomever.
 Relative Pronouns
 Introduce a group of words that act as
an adjective.
 Demonstrative Pronouns

 Point out specific persons, places,

or things
 Examples: this, these, that, those
 Indefinite Pronouns

 Refer to persons, places, and

things in a general way.
 Examples: all, another, both,
few, many, most, much, etc.
 Verbs
A verb is a word that expresses action
or a state of being and is necessary to
make a statement.
 An action verb tells what someone or
something does.
 Transitive Verbs

A transitive verb is an action

verb that is followed by a word
that answers the question what?
or whom?
 Example: The dancer
performed the most difficult
moves.
 Intransitive Verbs

 An intransitive verb is an action

verb that is not followed by
words that answer the question
what? or whom?
 Example: The dancer
performed gracefully.
 Linking Verbs
A linking verb links, or joins, the
subject of a sentence with a word or
expression that identifies or describes
the subject.
 Be in all forms is the most common
linking verb
 Examples: am, is, are, was, were, will
be, has been, was being
 Other Linking Verbs
 Look
 Sound

 Feel

 Grow

 Remain

 Taste
 Verb Phrases

 The verb in the sentence may

consist of more than one word.
 The words that accompany the
verb are called auxiliary, or helping,
verbs
 The most common auxiliary verbs
are the forms of be and have.
 Adjectives
 An adjective is a word that modifies a noun
or pronoun by limiting its meaning.
 Articles are the adjectives a, an, and the

 A proper adjective is formed from a proper

noun and begins with a capital letter.
 Example: Korean restraunt
 Adverbs
 An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an
adjective, or another adverb by making its
meaning more specific.
 Adverbs modify by answering the questions
when? where? how? and to what degree?
 Negative words, such as not and its contraction
–n’t are also considered adverbs.
 Nowhere, hardly, and never can also be adverbs.
Adverbs-Degrees of Comparison
 Comparative-compares two things
 Either

 Add –er to the end of the word

 Put more in front of the word
Adverbs-Degrees of Comparison
 Superlative- compares more than two
things
 Either
Add –est to the end of the word
Put most in front of the word
 Modifying An Adverb

 When an adverb modifies an

adjective or another adverb, it
comes immediately before the
modified verb.
 Prepositions
 Shows relationship of a noun or pronoun to
some other word in the sentence.
 A compound preposition is made up of more
than one word.
 Prepositional phrases end with a noun or
pronoun called the object of the preposition.
Francis Macomber had, half an hour before, been
carried to his tent from the edge of the camp in
triumph on the arms and shoulders of the cook,
the personal boys, the skinner and the porters.
The gun-bearers had taken no part in the
demonstration. When the native boys put him
down at the door of his tent, he had shaken all
their hands, received their congratulations, and
then gone into the tent and sat on the bed until
his wife came in. She did not speak to him when
she came in and he left the tent at once to wash
his face and hands in the portable wash basin
outside and go over to the dining tent to sit in a
comfortable canvas chair in the breeze and the
shade.
Francis Macomber had, half an hour before, been
carried to his tent from the edge of the camp in
triumph on the arms and shoulders of the cook,
the personal boys, the skinner and the porters.
The gun-bearers had taken no part in the
demonstration. When the native boys put him
down at the door of his tent, he had shaken all
their hands, received their congratulations, and
then gone into the tent and sat on the bed until
his wife came in. She did not speak to him when
she came in and he left the tent at* once to
wash his face and hands in the portable wash
basin outside and go over to the dining tent to
sit in a comfortable canvas chair in the breeze
and the shade.
 A conjunction is a word that joins single words or
groups of words.
 A coordinating conjunction joins words that have
equal grammatical weight in the sentence
 Coordinating conjunctions include:
 For

 And

 Nor

 But Conjunctions
 Or

 Yet

 So
 Correlative Conjunctions
 Work in pairs to join words and groups of
words of equal weight in a sentence.
 Examples:
 Both…and

 Either…or

 Neither…nor

 Not only…but also

 Subordinating Conjunctions
 Join two ideas, or clauses, so that one is
grammatically dependent on the other.
 Examples:

 Although

 Because

 If

 So that

 Unless
 Interjection
 A word that expresses emotion or exclamation.
 Examples:
 Oh
 Gee

 Wow

 Hey

 Ouch

 Oops

 Uh-oh