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(R.C.A.)
Ok. So what is root cause analysis?
identifying a problem
containing and analyzing the problem
defining the root cause
defining and implementing the actions required to eliminate
the root cause
validating that the corrective action prevented recurrence of
problem
What is a root cause?
ROOT CAUSE =
• The causal or contributing factors that, if corrected, would
prevent recurrence of the identified problem
• The “factor” that caused a a problem or defect and should
be permanently eliminated through process improvement
• The factor that sets in motion the cause and effect chain
that creates a problem
• The “true” reason that contributed to the creation of a
problem, defect or nonconformance
A Brief History of Root Cause Analysis
5 Whys
How to conduct an effective root cause
analysis?: techniques and methods
The 5 Whys Method
• The 5 Whys method is one of the earliest models
used in the history of the root cause analysis,
and it simply seeks to ask “why” five times until
the main cause of the problem is revealed. This
technique systematically rules out other causes
each time a “why” is asked.
The 5 Whys Method:
For example:
• Problem: The computer monitor is not working.
Why? The monitor's light signal is not on.
Why? The monitor's power cord is not functioning.
Why? The cord is damaged.
Why? It was placed under a heavy load.
Why? I didn't place the cords properly when the monitor was plugged in,
which caused damage.
• The answer to the last why is the root cause of the initial problem of the
computer monitor not working.
How to conduct an effective root cause
analysis?: techniques and methods
Reactive management
-consists in reacting quickly after the problem
occurs, by treating the symptoms. This type of
management is implemented by reactive systems.
-The goal here is to react quickly and alleviate the
effects of the problem as soon as possible
In science and engineering, there are essentially
two ways of repairing faults and solving problems:
Proactive management
-conversely, consists in preventing problems from occurring. Many
techniques can be used for this purpose, ranging from good
practices in design to analyzing in detail problems that have
already occurred, and taking actions to make sure they never
reoccur.
-Speed is not as important here as the accuracy and precision of
the diagnosis. The focus is on addressing the real cause of the
problem rather than its effects.
Work with a team and get fresh eyes
• The goal of RCA is to identify the root cause of the problem. The
next step is to trigger long-term corrective actions to address the
root cause identified during RCA, and make sure that the
problem does not resurface. Correcting a problem is not formally
part of RCA, however; these are different steps in a problem-
solving process known as fault management in IT and
telecommunications, repair in engineering, remediation in
aviation, environmental
remediation in ecology, therapy in medicine, etc.
Application domains