ELEMENTS OF A

NARRATIV
E Prepared by
JENNALYN D. MONTEMAYOR
SHORT STORY
a short work of fiction (not
true)
a prose writing about imagined
events and characters
meant to be read in one sitting
TEGTSIN
SETTING
the time and
place in which a
story takes place
SETTING
place
(geographical location)
Where is the action of the
story taking place?
SETTING
time
(historical period, time of the
day, year, etc.)
When is the story taking
place?
SETTING
weather
condition
Is it cloudy, sunny, windy,
rainy, etc.
SETTING
social
condition
focusing on the speech,
dress, customs, traditions,
etc.
SETTING
mood or
atmosphere
What feeling is conveyed at the
start of the story? Is it happy
and cheerful or sad and
frightening?
CATRECHAR
CHARACTER
the person or
animals taking part
in a narrative
CHARACTER
a. protagonist
- the central of the story with all
the major parts (leading character)

b. antagonist
- the one against the
protagonist or the bad guy
PROTAGONIST or ANTAGONIST
PROTAGONIST or ANTAGONIST
PROTAGONIST or ANTAGONIST
CHARACTERIZATION
the information
about the character
a. Direct Characterization
b. Indirect Characterization
CHARACTERIZATION
a. Direct Characterization
(Expository)

the writer tells you directly what

a character is like
CHARACTERIZATION
b. Indirect Characterization
(Dramatic)

the writer tells you information

about a character but does not tell
you about the character’s
personality directly.
CHARACTERIZATION
b. Indirect Characterization
- his/her physical appearance
- what he/she says, thinks,
feels and hopes
- what others say about
him/her
DIRECT or INDIRECT?
DIRECT or INDIRECT?

The pirate was

a violent man.
DIRECT or INDIRECT?
DIRECT or INDIRECT?
TYPES of CHARACTER
a. Static or flat
characters
they normally do not undergo
changes throughout the story.
Example: A driver who appears in the story remains a
driver until the end.
TYPES of CHARACTER
a. Dynamic (full
or rounded)
characters
they are capable of undergoing changes.

Example: A beggar becomes a rich man at the end of

the story.
TOLP
PLOT
the sequence of
events in a story
ESSENTIAL PARTS of a PLOT
PARTS of a PLOT
a. Exposition/Introduction

the setting and characters

are revealed
PARTS of a PLOT
b. Rising Action

This is where the events in

the story become
complicated and the
conflict in the story is
revealed.
PARTS of a PLOT
c. Climax
It is the turning point of the
story and the highest
point of interest.
(What will happen next? Will the conflict
be resolved or not?)
PARTS of a PLOT
d. Falling Action
The problems and
complications begin to
be resolved.
PARTS of a PLOT
d. Denouement
This is the final outcome or
untangling of events in
the story.
OCLNITCF
CONFLICT
the problem or
struggle of the
characters in a story
TYPES of CONFLICT
a. External Conflict –
one character in conflict with
another character

b. Internal Conflict –
one character in conflict with
oneself
 TYPES of CONFLICT
a. External Conflict
 man vs man (Physical)
 man vs society(social)
 man vs nature
 man vs God or
Supreme being
 TYPES of CONFLICT
b. Internal Conflict
 decision making

 overcoming fear

 overcoming sickness
NOPTI FO WEIV
POINT OF VIEW (P.O.V)
the angle or
perspective from
which the story is told
POINT OF VIEW (P.O.V)
a. First Person
the story is told by the character
(using first person pronouns “I”,
“me”, “we”, for instance). The
reader sees the story through this
person’s eyes as he/she
experiences it and only knows what
he/she knows or feels.
POINT OF VIEW (P.O.V)
b. Innocent Eyes
the story is told through the eyes of a
child (his/her judgment being
different from that of an adult).
POINT OF VIEW (P.O.V)
c. Stream of
Consciousness
the story is told so that the reader
feels as if they are inside the head
of one character and knows all
their thoughts and reactions.
POINT OF VIEW (P.O.V)
d. Second Person
this is used rarely. The main
character in the story is
referred to using the
second person pronoun
“you”.
POINT OF VIEW (P.O.V)
e. Third Person
the story is told using a narrator
who is located outside the
action of the story and uses
third person pronouns such as
“he”, “she”, “his”, “her”, “they”,
for example.
Third Person P.O.V
1) Omniscient – literally
means “all knowing”. The
narrator can move from
character to character, event to
event, having free access to
the thoughts, feelings and
motivations of any character.
Third Person P.O.V
2) Limited Omniscient – the
story is told by a third person
narrator but from the viewpoint of a
character in the story, usually the
main character or protagonist. The
reader has access to the thoughts
and feelings of only one character.
Third Person P.O.V
3) Objective – the author tells the
story in the third person. It appears as
though a camera is following the
characters, going anywhere, and
recording only what is seen and heard.
There is no comment on the characters
or their thoughts. No interpretations are
offered.
HMEET
THEME
the life lesson of a story
the author’s message
expressed in a sentence
not usually stated

Ex. Do not let other people pull you down.

Subject – expressed in a word or two