The global divides:

North and south

INTRODUCTION

Starbucks vs. Shanty

 INTRODUCTION
This form of Globalization is uneven, as the economic
norms of the developed worlds apply to itself are never the same as those
imposes in the developing world. The underdevelopment of the Global South
seems to prevent it from being Globalized revealing the inherent unevenness of
the process. Poverty is backward. It is not modern. It is not Global.
 INTRODUCTION
In contradiction, from the perspective of “anti-
globalization”critcs. The contradictions at the heart of neoliberalism cause and
reinforce the endemic poverty of Global South. The enforcement of neo-liberal
consensus deepen’s inequality in the world’s poorest countries. It is thus that the
Shanty is as much a symbol of globalization as the Starbucks. Poverty is also
being Globalized.
 INTRODUCTION
This reveals both affluence and poverty among nations. It
pushes peoples and groups into a modernity associated with western culture and
capital while simultaneously leaving behind others. Although Globalization
challenges the dominance of the state, it nevertheless produces changes in the
structure of state, and therefore requires responses from states.
 CONCEPTUALIZING WITHOUT DEFINING
GLOBAL SOUTH

 Is a term used to refer to the “Third World” or “Developing

Countries”.

 Stemmed from a division made that is based on socio-economic and

political aspect.
 CONCEPTUALIZING WITHOUT DEFINING
GLOBAL SOUTH
COUNTRIES
 Countries from Africa, Latin America

 Developing Asian countries

 Middle East

 In general “Poor Countries”

 CONCEPTUALIZING WITHOUT DEFINING
GLOBAL NORTH COUNTRIES

 Include United States, Canada, Western European Countries

 Developed parts of Asia (Japan, Macau, Brunei, Israel)

 Australia and New Zealand

 The “Rich and Powerful Countries”

 CONCEPTUALIZING WITHOUT DEFINING
GLOBAL NORTH COUNTRIES

 Include United States, Canada, Western European Countries

 Developed parts of Asia (Japan, Macau, Brunei, Israel)

 Australia and New Zealand

 The “Rich and Powerful Countries”

 CONCEPTUALIZING WITHOUT DEFINING

NORTH – SOUTH DIVIDE

GLOBAL NORTH
FIRST/SECOND WORLD
GLOBAL SOUTH
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
THIRD WORLD
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
 CONCEPTUALIZING WITHOUT DEFINING
NORTH – SOUTH DIVIDE

According to “GROVOGUI”
 Represents Interstate Inequalities
 Imbalances of economic and political power between states
 Struggle
 Rich-Poor
 CONCEPTUALIZING WITHOUT DEFINING
GLOBAL SOUTH
What makes them poor?
 Nature of Politics and Political Mindset
-Civil disobedience
-Large scale revolts
-Poor struggle to survive by hitting on the rich society
Common to countries in Asia and Middle East
 CONCEPTUALIZING WITHOUT DEFINING
GLOBAL SOUTH
What makes them poor?
 Former colonies are not fully developed states
-Australian aborigines
-Indigenous tribes
-Displaced by the powerful
Exists in Australia and to countries in Africa
 CONCEPTUALIZING WITHOUT DEFINING
GLOBAL SOUTH

What makes them poor?

 Geographical boundaries
-Rich is neighbor to a poor will be subject to a form of
“modern day slavery”
Example is Mexico and the United States.
 CONCEPTUALIZING WITHOUT DEFINING
GLOBAL SOUTH

What makes them poor?

 Former Colonies now developed states
-Hard time coping with the First World
-Failed global free trade
Example is Mexico and the United States.
 CONCEPTUALIZING WITHOUT DEFINING
GLOBAL SOUTH
PERSISTENT PROBLEMS
 Foreign debts
 Democracy
 Struggle for Autonomous Governance
 Economic Difficulties (foreign debts)
 Lacking international influence
 CONCEPTUALIZING WITHOUT DEFINING
GLOBAL SOUTH
PROBABLE SOLUTIONS
 Free Trade Agreements
 Diminish international Inequalities
 Internal Financial Dependency
 Environmental Protection (by the Global North)
 Transnational (Migration)
 COLONIALISM, MODERNITY, AND THE
CREATION OF GLOBAL INEQUALITY

 The term “latin america” refers to the

spanish and portuguese- speaking
countries in the new world
 The region came under control of the
crowns of the spain and portugal, which
imposed both roman catholicism and
their respective languages.

LATIN AMERICA
 COLONIALISM, MODERNITY, AND THE
CREATION OF GLOBAL INEQUALITY

GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH

HEGEL

 (August 27, 1770 – november

14,1831)
 He was a german philosopher and an
important figure of german idealism

GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL

 COLONIALISM, MODERNITY, AND THE
CREATION OF GLOBAL INEQUALITY
MISSION CIVILISATRICE

In English “civilizing mission“ was a rationale for intervention or

colonization, purporting to contribute to the spread of civilization, and used
mostly in relation to the westernization of indigenous people in the 15th –
20th centuries.
 COLONIALISM, MODERNITY, AND THE
CREATION OF GLOBAL INEQUALITY
BENEVOLENT ASSIMILATION
Refers to a policy of the united states towards the philippines as
described in a proclamation by u.S. President william mckinley issued on ddecember
21, 1898.
It is succinctly stated that “future control, disposition, and government of the
philippine islands were ceded to the united states” and that “the military
government is to be the whole of the ceded territory.
 COLONIALISM, MODERNITY, AND THE
CREATION OF GLOBAL INEQUALITY

PRESIDENT WILLIAM
MCKINLEY
 (January 29, 1843 – september 14,
1901)
 He was the 25th president of the
unted states serving from march 4
1897 until in september 1901.

PRESIDENT WILLIAM MCKINLEY

 COLONIALISM, MODERNITY, AND THE
CREATION OF GLOBAL INEQUALITY
INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

Is a purely scientific and private association, without official character, whose objective is to
promote the progress of international law by: formulating general principles; cooperating in codification;
seeking official acceptance of principles in harmony with the needs of modern society; contributing to
the maintenance of peace or to the observance of the laws of war; proffering needed judicial advice in
controversial or doubtful cases; and contributing, through publications, education of the public, and any
other means, to the success of the principles of justice and humanity which should govern international
relations.
 COLONIALISM, MODERNITY, AND THE
CREATION OF GLOBAL INEQUALITY
UNITED NATIONS AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

 To maintain international peace and security

 To develop friendly among nations on the basis of equality and the principle of self determination.
 To foster worldwide cooperation in solving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems
 To promote human rights and fundamental freedom for the people of the world
 To serve as a centre where various nations can coordinate their actvities towards the attainment of the
objectives of the united nations
 To save succeeding generations from the scourge of war
 COLONIALISM, MODERNITY, AND THE
CREATION OF GLOBAL INEQUALITY

WALT WHITMAN ROSTOW

He was an american economist and

political theorist who served as special
assistant for national security affairs
to u.S. President lyndon b. Johnson
from 1966 to 1969.

WALT WHITMAN ROSTOW

 COLONIALISM, MODERNITY, AND THE
CREATION OF GLOBAL INEQUALITY
MODERNIZATION THEORY
TRADITIONAL SOCIETY
PRE CONDITIONS TO “TAKE OFF”
TAKE OFF
DRIVE TO MATURITY
AGE OF MASS CONSUMPTION
 COLONIALISM, MODERNITY, AND THE
CREATION OF GLOBAL INEQUALITY

TRADITIONAL SOCIETY

 Characterized by subsistence
agriculture of hunting and
gathering.
 Limited technology
 No centralized nations or
political systems
TRADITIONAL SOCIETY
 COLONIALISM, MODERNITY, AND THE
CREATION OF GLOBAL INEQUALITY
PRE CONDITIONS TO “TAKE OFF”

Development of more productive, commercial agriculture and cash crops

by produceers and/or largely exported.
Increasing spread of technology and advances in existing technologies.
Development of national identity and shared economic interest.
 COLONIALISM, MODERNITY, AND THE
CREATION OF GLOBAL INEQUALITY

TAKE OFF

Urbanization increases,
industrialization and
technological breakthroughs
occur
 COLONIALISM, MODERNITY, AND THE
CREATION OF GLOBAL INEQUALITY

DRIVE TO MATURITY
 Rapid development of transportation
infrastructure.
 Manufacturing shifts from
investment-driven (capital goods)
towards consumer durables and
domestic consumption.
 COLONIALISM, MODERNITY, AND THE
CREATION OF GLOBAL INEQUALITY

AGE OF MASS CONSUMPTION

 The industrial base dominates the
economy.
 Widespread and normative
onsumption of high-value consumer
goods.
 Urban society (movement away from
rural countrysides to the cities.
 CONCLUSION: THE GLOBAL SOUTH AS
NEW INTERNATIONALISM

GREECE
 March 2008 -decline of economy
 2010, -€45 billion in loans
-€110 billion.
 2011- second bail-out amounting
€130 billion
 2012- a 53% reduction in the Greek
debt
-
 CONCLUSION: THE GLOBAL SOUTH AS
NEW INTERNATIONALISM

GREECE
 2013 -Greece achieved a primary
government budget surplus
 Second quarter of 2014-Greece
returned to growth after six years of
economic decline
 -It was the Eurozone's fastest-growing
economy
in the third quarter.
.
MIGRATION
INTRODUCTION
Human migration is the movement by people from one place to
another with the intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily in a
new location. The movement is often over long distances and from one
country to another, but internal migration is also possible; indeed, this
is the dominant form globally.
HISTORICAL THEORIES
Ravenstein
Certain laws of Social Sciences have been proposed to describe human
migration. One of the proponent of these laws is Ernst Georg Ravenstein(30
December 1834-13 March 1913). He was a German-English geographer
cartographer born in Frankfurt am Main. As a geographer he was less of a
traveller than a researcher. His studies led mainly in the direction of cartography
and the history of geography.
HISTORICAL THEORIES

Ernst Georg Ravenstein

(December 1834-March 1913)
HISTORICAL THEORIES
Lee
Lee’s laws divide factors causing migrations into two groups of factors:
push and pull factors. Push factors are things that are unfavourable about the area
that one lives in, and pull factors are things that attract one to another area.
HISTORICAL THEORIES
Climate Cycle
The modern field of climate history suggests that the successive waves of Eurasian
nomadic movement throughout history have had their origins in climate cycle. People were
displaced from their home ground by other tribes trying to find land that could be grazed by
essential flocks. Bogumil Terminski uses the term “migratory domino effect” to describe this
process in the context of Sea People invasion.
LABOR MIGRATION THEORIES IN THE
st
21 CENTURY
There are countless of reasons why immigrants choose to migrate to another country.
For instance, globalization has increased workers from other countries in order to sustain
national economies. People also move or are force to move as a result of conflict, human
rights violations, violence, or to escape persecution. Another reason people move is to gain
access to opportunities and services to escape extreme weather. There are a number of
theories to explain the international flow of capital and people from one country too
another.
LABOR MIGRATION THEORIES IN THE
st
21 CENTURY
 Neoclassical Economic Theory
 Dual Labor Market Theory
 New Economics of Labor Migration
 Relative Deprivation Theory
 World Systems Theory
 Osmosis: The Unifying Theory of Human Migration
SOCIOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL
SCIENCE THEORIES
Sociology
A number of social scientists have examined immigration from a sociological
perspective, paying attention to how immigration affects and is affected by, as well as social
structure. They have produced three main sociological perspectives:
1. Symbolic Interactionism
It aims to understand migration via face-to-face interactions on a micro-level.
SOCIOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL
SCIENCE THEORIES
2. Social Conflict Theory
It examines migration through the prism of competition for power and
resources.
3. Structural Functionalism
It examines the role of migration in fulfilling certain functions within each
society, such as the decrease of despair and aimlessness and the consolidation of
social network
SOCIOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL
SCIENCE THEORIES
Political Science
Political scientist have put forth a number of theoretical frameworks on
migration, offering different perspectives on processes of security, citizenship,
and international relations. In this field the majority of work has focused on
immigration politics, viewing migration from the perspective of the country
destination.
End OF PRESENTATION
PRESENTOR (GROUP 5):
John Paulo De Guzman
John Mark Dela Mata
Bernadette Diaz
Hanna Ersando
Shaina Marie Firmalan