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Communication with
Bioethical & Medicolegal
Perspectives using Ethicolegal
System
Raison d’etre Bioethics in Medical
Curriculum
Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights
• “… and to achieve a better understanding of the
ethical implications of scientific and technological
developments, States should endeavor to foster all
forms of bioethics education and training at all levels
as well as to encourage information and knowledge
dissemination programs about bioethics.”
• “ … ethical issues related to medicine, life sciences
and associated technologies as applied to human
beings, taking into account their social, legal and
environmental dimensions … “.
Outlines
• Clarity & Truth of communication
– Sistem etikolegal
– Principles of Bioethics
– Mode of Dr – P communication
• Smart Patient
• Legal Communication
– Informed consent
– Medical error & disclosure
• Summary
Syarat Informasi Komunikasi
• kejelasan (understandability),
• kebenaran (truth),
• kejujuran (truthfulness) dan
• ketepatan (rightness).
Etika Diskursus Komunikasional
Juergen Habermas, 1989
Medical
PROFESSIONALISM
Goals
Responsibility Accountability
Patients’
Ethics Discipline Liability Safety
Professional
Dignity
SOCIAL CONTRACT
Patient/Client
PUBLIC
Community
Family TRUST
BEST INTEREST, QUALITY OF LIFE COMMUNICATION’S BACKGR
PREFERENCES,
BACK GROUND SETTING OF D-P CONTEXTUALITY OF COMMUNICATION
Meso level
Health services delivery
Inspiring
Guiding Macho level PRIVATE
GOODS
Enabling Health care teams
Patient’s
Beneficence Preference
Autonomy
Henry
Richardson Non Maleficence Justice
Medical
Negligence
Ethico-legal D-P
problem Conflict Miscommuni- Defensive
doctors =KEL cation Medicine
=SM
Health
Dr1
personel
Dr1
C1=(client) Dr2
Potential P1
P1 Health Facilities
RELEVANCY OF “HEALING” IN COMMUNICATION – RESPONSIBILITY LEVEL
PLACEBO REACTIONS IN
• Headache 62 %
• Diarrhea 58 %
• Cold 45 %
• Neurosis 34 %
• Dysmenorrhea 24 %
• Hypertension 17 %
• Sea – sickness 58 %
• Rheumatism 49 %
• Cough 41 %
• Migraine 32 %
• Angina Pectoris 18 %
Beecher : 35 % in average
(Geneesm. Bulletin, 23 Nov. 79)
MODE OF D-P’s COMMUNICATION (2)
ACCOUNTABILITY
P Dr1
Dr2
3rd
Dr1 party
His
Potential Lawyer
P1
P1
Former
P1
Formulir Smart Patient
Patient’s responsibility