EVOLUTION OF SDH

TECHNOLOGY
 PLESIOCHRONOUS
DIGITAL HIERARCHY
(PDH)
BUILDING UP THE BASE STREAM
(2MB)

• 30 Voice Channels @ 64 KHz

• One channel for Frame (64 K)
• One channel for Signaling (64 K)
• Total number of Channels = 32
• Bit Rate: 32 X 64 K= 2048 KHz (2Mb)
 PDH BIT RATES

• E1-2048 Kbps (2Mb) [30 Voice Channel]

• E2-8448 Kbps (8Mb) [120 Voice Channel]
• E3-34368 Kbps (34Mb) [480 Voice Channel]
• E4-139264 Kbps (140Mb) [1920 Voice
Channel]
PDH HIERARCHY
 PDH PRODUCTS

MULTIPLEXERS:

• M12 MUX:4E1 Streams Multiplexed to One E2

• M23 MUX:4E2 Streams Multiplexed to One E3

• M34 MUX:4E3 Streams Multiplexed to One E4

 PDH PRODUCTS Contd……
OPTICAL:
• OPTICAL LINE TERMINAL EQUIPMENT (OLTE)-8Mb,
34Mb, 140Mb.
• OPTICAL REGENERATOR EQUIPMENT-
34 Mb,140Mb.

OPTIMUX:
• SINGLE SHELF CONTAINS BOTH MUX AND OLTE
 LIMITATIONS IN PDH
• Different Standards
• Systems operates in its own Clock
• Proprietary Coding Mechanisms Making
Inter-Operas Ability of System Between
Different Vendors
• Not Transparent
• Protection Schemes are not available
• Ring, Hub Configuration not possible
SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL
HIERARCHY
(SDH)
 WHAT IS SDH ?

SDH is a synchronous Digital Hierarchy, It is

a technique used for Broadband
Transmission, which has significant
importance in modern commercial
networks,espically in wide area network.

SDH is a Time Division Multiplexing

Technique (TDMA), in which information is
convoyed into the time intervals called
time slots,Several time slots make up a
time frame
 Advantages of SDH
Advantages of SDH

• MULTI-VENDOR / OPEN SYSTEM

• GREATER TRANSMISSION CAPACITIES
• MORE DIVERSE SERVICES
• HIGH RELIABILITY
• LOW COST AND SMALL SIZE OF EQUIPMENT FOR THE
SAME CAPACITY AND FEATURES
• FASTER PROVISIONING OF CIRCUITS AND SERVICES
• INTELLIGENT OPERATIONS , ADMINISTRATIONS AND
MANAGEMENT OF THE NETWORK
 WHY SDH?

• High Transmission Rates

• Simplified Add & Drop Function
• High Availability and Capacity
Matching
• Reliability
• Future Proof Platform for New Services
• Interconnection
SDH/ SONET BIT RATES
SYNCHRONOUS NETWORK COMPONENTS
SYNCHRONOUS NETWORK Contd…

• Regenerators
• Terminal Multiplexers
• Add-drop Multiplexers
• Digital X-Connect
• Network Management System
MAPPING OF PDH SIGNAL INTO
SDH SIGNAL Contd..
 MULTIPLEXING STRUCTURE ITU
SDH/SONET Multiplexing
G.709 Structure ITU G.709
XN X1
STM-N AUG AU4 VC-4 C4 139.264 Mb/s
X3 X1
X3 TUG-3 TU-3 VC-3
44.736 M
AU-3 VC-3 C3 34.368
X7 Mb/s
POINTER
PROCESSING TUG-2 X3
TU12 VC-12 C-12 2.048 Mb/s
MULTIPLEXING
X4
ALIGNING
TU11 VC-11 C11 1.544 Mb/s
MAPPING
SIGNAL SPEED NO. OF NO. OF TELE-
(Mb/s) 2M PATHS PHONE CHANNELS
STM-1 155.52 63 1890
STM-4 622.08 252 7560
STM-16 2488.32 1008 30240
 SDH Line Rates
SDH LINE RATES

LEVEL DATA RATE(Mb/s)

STM-1 155.52
STM-4 622.08
STM-16 2488.32
STM-64 9953.28
Topologies used in The Network
 X.21 ROUTES BETWEEN NRLDC AND SLDC’S
HPSEB BBMB PSEB
DHULKOTE
KUNIHAR CHANDIGARH LALTONKALAN KISHANPUR J&K
StandbyS1 Standby S2 Main M1,M2
Standby S1,S2 Main M1,M2
SONIPAT HVPNL

Tellabs
PATPARGANJ
GOPALPUR NARELA WAZIRABAD
BAWANA
Main Standby M U
A
M1,M2 S1,S2 I P
Tellabs
DTL N
M1,M2
P
KHANJAWALA
Stand C
By-
L
NRLDC
S1
SARITA
IP EXT. IP POWER Stand
NAZAFGARH VIHAR By-
S2

MURADNAGAR
BAMNAULI
Tellabs

BADARPUR DADRI-HVDC

MEHRAULI BALLABHGARH
OKHLA
Legends Of Colors :-
Main / Standby DTL Standby Main
Tellabs Standby
Main / Standby J&K,PSEB,BBMB,HPSEB S2 M1,M2
Main / Standby HVPNL
Main / Standby RRVPNL
S1 RRVPNL
Main / Standby UPPCL
Standby Tellabs Link
Drawn by- Kamal Verma
NETWORK PROTECTION
 AUTOMATIC PROTECTION
SWITCHING(APS)
• LINEAR PROTECTION

• UNIDIRECTIONAL RINGS

• BI-DIRECTIONAL RINGS
 MSP

Unidirectional Switching FLX150/600

FLX150/600
Working line

Protection line

Bi-directional Switching FLX150/600

FLX150/600
Working line

Protection line
 MSP
MSP

1. Failure occurred FLX150/600

FLX150/600
Working line
X
Failure
Protection line
Unit Protection
LINE PROTECTION
UNIDIRECTIONAL RINGS
BI-DIRECTIONAL RINGS
CLOCK SUPPLY HIERARCHY
 CLOCK SUPPLY HIERARCHY

• Primary Reference Clock (PRC)

Accuracy : 1 x 10-11 ppm
• Synchronisation Supply Unit (SSU)
Accuracy : 1 x 10-9 ppm
• Synchronisation Equipment Clock
(SEC)
Accuracy : 4.6 x 10-6 ppm
ITU RECOMMENDATIONS - SDH
ITU RECOMMENDATIONS – SDH
Contd…
THANK YOU