Visualization of Grain Boundary in 3D

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 Five Degrees of Freedom of Grain Boundary

Variables that define a grain boundary. xA; yA; zA and xB, yB,
zB are the axes of the coordinates parallel to crystallographic
directions in grains A and B, respectively. O is the rotation
axis and is the rotation (misorientation) angle necessary to
transfer both grains to an identical position. n determines the
orientation of the grain boundary plane
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 Tilt and Twist grain boundaries

 The relationship between the rotation axis (o) and the grain
boundary plane normal (n) leads to definition of the tilt
grain boundaries and the twist grain boundaries

 For tilt boundaries: the rotation axis (o) is perpendicular to

the grain boundary plane normal (n)

For twist boundaries: the rotation axis (o) is parallel to the

grain boundary plane normal (n)

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 Twist grain boundaries

No twist Twist ‘’

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 Twist grain boundaries......GB plane

GB plane

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 Symmetrical tilt grain boundaries

When the boundary plane represents the plane of the mirror

symmetry of the crystal lattices of two grains, it is described
by the same Miller indices from the point of view of both
adjoining grains. This boundary is called symmetrical tilt
boundaries.

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 Symmetrical tilt grain boundaries.....GB Plane

GB plane

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 Asymmetrical tilt grain boundaries

When the boundary plane does not represents the plane of

the mirror symmetry of the crystal lattices of two grains, the
boundary is called asymmetrical tilt boundaries.

Symmetry plane

Misorientation axis
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More representation of Asymmetrical and
Symmetrical tilt grain boundaries

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 Tilt and Twist boundary categorisation

The categorisation of the grain boundaries can be represented

by so-called interface-plane scheme based on relationship of
the Miller indices of individual contacting planes 1 and 2 in a
bicrystal and the twist angle ‘' of both planes

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Tilt and Twist component of a mixed grain boundary

Question

Show that the misorientation θ/<UVW> of a mixed

grain boundary can be decomposed into
combination of tilt and twist component

Answer

See the next slide

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The total misorientation /UVW can be decomposed into two sequential
operations: a tilt rotation followed by a twist rotation. The tilt angle component
of the total misorientation is about an axis (nT) (i.e. perpendicular to both N1 and
N2) and subsequent twist operation is about ntwist (parallel to N1 or N2) (Fig. a). A
tilt rotation of  about an axis nT, aligns the two normals. nT and  are given by:
nT = (N1 × N2)/│( N1 × N2)│
sin = │( N1 × N2)│
Fig. b shows the positions of the coordinate axes of both grains reoriented after
the tilt so that N1 and N2 are now parallel. Finally in Fig. c a twist rotation of  is
performed about ntwist (parallel to N1 or N2). Hence the total misorientation may
be written as:
M(, UVW) = M(ntwist, ) M(nT, )
 Grain Boundary

 Based on misorientation angle ()

 Low angle GB (≤15°)

 High angle GB (>15°)

 Coincidence Site Lattice (CSL) boundary

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Low Angle GBs

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Primary intrinsic dislocations in Low Angle Boundaries

 A low angle boundary or sub-boundary can be represented

by an array of dislocations

 The simplest such boundary is the symmetrical tilt boundary

 The boundary consists of a wall of parallel edge dislocation

aligned perpendicular to the slip plane.

If the spacing of the

dislocations of Burgers
vector b in the boundary is
d, then the crystals on
either side of the boundary
are misoriented by a small
angle () where

  b/d
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symmetrical tilt boundary
 CSL Boundary

 CSL is basically the sites at which the lattice of the two

crystals forming a boundary would coincide if they are
extended into one another

 ‘’ is reciprocal density of coinciding sites

5 Coincidence Site Lattice

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Coincidence !!

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 Coincidence !!
 Lincoln - seven characters
 Became president in 1860
 Assassinated on Friday
 Accompanied by wife
 Inside a theater named Ford
 Next president was Andrew
Johnson
 He was born in 1808
 Lincoln was assassinated by
John Wilkes Booth - 15
characters
 John Wilkes Booth was born
in 1839
 Kennedy - seven characters
 Became president in 1960
 Assassinated on Friday
 Accompanied by wife
 Inside a car made by Ford
 Next president was Lyndon
Johnson
 He was born on 1908
 Kennedy was assassinated
by Lee Harvey Oswald - 15
characters
 Lee Harvey Oswald was
born in 1939
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