WHAT IS A PROJECT

A Project can be considered to be any series of

activities and tasks that:
• Have a specific objective to be completed
within certain specifications
• Have defined start and end dates
• Have funding limits (if applicable)
• Consume resources (i.e., money, people,
equipment)

(Component, Services, Research, Construction)

 WHAT IS PROJECT MANAGEMENT

The application of knowledge , skills, tools and

techniques to project activities in order to meet or
exceed stakeholders needs and expectations
 Project Management Processes
» PM processes are divided into five phases or process groups

Initiation
Initiation Planning
Planning
Processes
Processes Processes
Processes

Controlling
Controlling
Processes Executing
Executing
Processes
Processes
Processes

Closing
Closing
Processes
Processes
Initiation Process Group Planning Process Group. Executing Process
Those processes required to Group.
Those processes performed
establish the scope of the
to define a new project or a Those processes
project, refine the objectives,
new phase of an existing performed to complete
and define the course of
project by obtaining the work defined in the
action required to attain the
authorization to start the project management
objectives that the project
project or phase plan to satisfy the project
was undertaken to achieve
specifications.

Monitoring and Controlling Closing Process Group.

Process Group. Those processes performed
to finalize all activities
Those processes required to across all Process Groups
track, review, and regulate the to formally close the project
progress and performance of the or phase.
project; identify and areas in
which changes to the plan are
required; and initiate the
corresponding changes.
 Project Management Processes
» PM processes are divided into five phases or process groups
WHAT IS A SUCCESSFUL PROJECT MANAGEMENT

A Successful Project Management Can Be Defined

Having Achieved The Project Objectives
• Within time
• Within cost
• At the desired performance/technology level
• While utilizing the assigned resources effectively and
efficiently
• Accepted by the customer
 7 Habits
of Highly Effective People
by
Stephen Covey
# 1 (Be Proactive)
• Take initiative
• Manage change
• Respond proactively
• Keep commitments
• Take responsibility and
have accountability
• Have a positive influence
on results
React
Blame all your
problems on your
friends, teachers,
parents; take no
responsibility for
things that happen
to you.
# 2 (Begin with the End in mind) Begin with No End
in Mind-
• Define vision and values
• Create a mission statement Have no goal or plan
• Set measurable team and and never think about
personal goals tomorrow.
• Start projects successfully
• Align goals to priorities
• Focus on desired outcomes

"Vision without action is a daydream. Action

without vision is a nightmare."
– Japanese proverb
# 3 (Put First Things First) Put First Things Last

• Execute strategy Always put off doing

• Apply effective delegation what’s important by
skills talking on your mobile
• Focus on important and surfing the net.
activities Always put off your
• Apply effective planning homework until
and prioritization skills tomorrow.
• Balance key priorities
• Eliminate low priorities and
time wasters
• Use planning tools
effectively
• Use effective time-
management skills
# 4 (Think Win-Win) Think Win-Lose

• Build high=trust relationships Don’t let anyone

• Build effective teams else succeed at
• Apply successful negotiation anything because if
they win, you lose.
skills
• Use effective collaboration
• Build productive business
relationships
# 5 (Seek First to Understand, Seek First to Talk,
Then to be Understood) Then Pretend to
Listen-
• Apply effective interpersonal
communication If you want their
• Overcome communication opinion, give it to
pitfalls them.
• Apply effective listening skills
• Understand others
• Reach mutual understanding
• Communicate viewpoints
effectively
• Apply productive input and
feedback
• Apply effective persuasion
techniques
# 6 (Synergizer) Don’t Cooperate

• Leveraging diversity Teamwork is for losers;

• Apply effective problem be your own island.
solving
• Apply collaborative
decision making
• Value differences
• Build on divergent
strengths
• Leverage creative
collaboration
• Embrace and leverage
innovation
# 7 (Sharpen the Saw) Wear Yourself
Out
• Achieve life balance
• Apply continuous Make being busy
the only thing that
improvement matters; never
• Seek continuous learning exercise or
improve yourself.
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE AREAS

Project Integration Management (Covers All The Five

Phases Of Project)
Project Scope Management
Project Time Management
Project Cost Management
Project Quality Management
Project Human Resource Management
Project Communications Management
Project Risk Management
Project Procurement Management
 Risk Management

Risk Management is the name given to a logical and

systematic method of identifying, analysing, treating
and monitoring the risks involved in any activity or
process.
 Project Risk Management Processes

• Risk management planning: Deciding how to approach and

plan the risk management activities for the project.

• Risk identification: Determining which risks are likely to

affect a project and documenting the characteristics of
each.

• Qualitative risk analysis: Prioritizing risks based on their

probability and impact of occurrence.
 Project Risk Management Processes (cont’d)

• Quantitative risk analysis: Numerically estimating the

effects of risks on project objectives.

• Risk response planning: Taking steps to enhance

opportunities and reduce threats to meeting project
objectives.

• Risk monitoring and control: Monitoring identified and

residual risks, identifying new risks, carrying out risk
response plans, and evaluating the effectiveness of risk
strategies throughout the life of the project.
 What intended beneficiaries needed?

concept
What intended beneficiaries asked for?
What planners promised …in PC1
What intended beneficiaries felt…
What was delivered…
What intended beneficiaries received
 SWOT Analysis

• SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning method used to

evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and
Threats involved in a project or in a business venture.
SWOT stands for:
Strengths - the positive internal attributes of the
organisation
Weaknesses - the negative internal attributes of the
organisation
Opportunities - external factors which could improve
the organisation’s prospects
Threats - external factors which could undermine the
organisation’s prospects
1/19/2010
 Risk Response Planning

 After identifying and quantifying risks, you must decide

how to respond to them.
 Four main response strategies for negative risks:
– Risk avoidance
– Risk acceptance
– Risk transference
– Risk mitigation

Match Fixing, Parking of car

 Risk indicators

Risk type Potential indicators

Technology Late delivery of hardware or support software, many reported
technology problems
People Poor staff morale, poor relationships amongst team member,
job availability
Organisational Organisational gossip, lack of action by senior management
Tools Reluctance by team members to use tools, complaints about
CASE tools, demands for higher-powered workstations
Requirements Many requirements change requests, customer complaints
Estimation Failure to meet agreed schedule, failure to clear reported
defects
HOW TO MANAGE TECHNICAL PROJECT
 STEPS INVOLVED

 BASIC DESIGN OF BOILER AND ITS SUPPORTS

 DETAIL DESIGN OF BOILER AND ITS SUPPORTS
 VALIDATION OF DESIGN BY STRESS ANALYSIS
 PROCUTEMENT OF MATERIAL
 MANUFACTURING OF BOILER AND SUPPORTS
 TESTING OF BOILER
 COMMISSIONING OF BOILER
 RISK INVOLVED IN MANUFACTURING OF
BOILER
_UNDERSTANDING THE SCOPE FOR WHICH PURPOSE BOILER IS
BEING MANUFACTURED
_EVALUATION OF DESIGN BY THIRD PARTY
_DESIGN SHOULD EVALUATE ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS AND CODES
_AVAILABILITY OF MATERIAL
_ COST CONSTRAINTS
_ TIME CONSTRAINTS
_QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT
 Activity Budgeted Cost (M) Actual Cost (M)
Scope 0.5 0.6
Planning 0.5 0.7
Basic Design 2 3
Detail Design 4 4.7
Purchase of Material 7 9
Manufacturing 7 10
Testing 2 2.5
Commissioning 3 3.5
Total 26 34

CPI = EV/AC = 26/34 = 0.764 <1 Over Budgeted

**If Design of Boiler will not analysed then it may cost 100M after
completion**
 C o m p a r is o n o f b u d g e te d c o s t v e r s u s a c tu a l c o s t in c
Cost in Millions

12
10
8 B u d g e te
6 Cost
4
2 A c tu a l
0 Cost
Scope

Planning

Testing
Purchase of

Manufacturing
Detail Design
Basic Design

Commissioning
Material
Tacomas Narrow Bridge
 The world's tallest tower, 'Burj Khalifa' is 828 metres (2,716.5 ft) high

Burj Khalifa employed the latest

advances in wind engineering,
structural engineering, structural
systems, construction materials
and methods. All design
considerations took into account
the 12,000 people who will live
and work in the tower.
 Potential Negative Risk Conditions
Associated With Each Knowledge Area
Knowledge Area Risk Conditions
Integration Inadequate planning; poor resource allocation; poor integration
management; lack of post-project review
Scope Poor definition of scope or work packages; incomplete definition
of quality requirements; inadequate scope control
Time Errors in estimating time or resource availability; poor allocation
and management of float; early release of competitive products
Cost Estimating errors; inadequate productivity, cost, change, or
contingency control; poor maintenance, security, purchasing, etc.
Quality Poor attitude toward quality; substandard
design/materials/workmanship; inadequate quality assurance
program
Human Resources Poor conflict management; poor project organization and
definition of responsibilities; absence of leadership
Communications Carelessness in planning or communicating; lack of consultation
with key stakeholders
Risk Ignoring risk; unclear assignment of risk; poor insurance
management
Procurement Unenforceable conditions or contract clauses; adversarial relations
 Plato
I’m glad the hole is not in my end!

• Ignorance, the root and the stem of every evil.

– Plato