Republic of the Philippines

Department of the Interior and Local Government

BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of the Interior and Local Government
BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

FIRE SAFETY SEMINAR

Presented by:
SFO2 Domingo L Manuud II BFP
Calamba City Fire Station,
Calmba City, Laguna,
Region 4-A
 COURSE OUTLINE
1. FIRE BRIGADE ORGANIZATION
2. CHEMISTRY OF FIRE
3. PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
4. FIRE HOSE & NOZZLE
5. RESCUE PROCEDURE

PRACTICALS:
-Fire suppression & control using fire
extinguisher
- Hose throwing & Coupling connection
- Three ( 3 ) hose straight lay-out
FIRE BRIGADE
ORGANIZATION
 FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES of 2008
( R.A. 9514 )
Rule 6 Organization of Fire Brigade

Section 6.0.2.1
All business establishments
employing at least fifty (50) persons
shall, in addition to the requirements
set forth under Section 7 of R.A. 9514
for the grant of Fire Safety Inspection
Certificate (FSIC), establish an
organization of fire brigade to deal
with fire and other related
emergencies.
 FIRE BRIGADE ORGANIZATION
FIRE MARSHAL

ASST. FIRE MARSHAL -SAFETY OFFICER

Fire Fighting Evacuation Salvage First-aid Security Rescue

Team Team Team Team & Commo. Team
Priority Markings
-Nozzleman
Red -1st
-Hoseman Cabuyao City Fire Station
Yellow – 2nd Tel. No.
-Valve Optr. 502-1191
Blue – 3rd
534-0539
FIRE
Chemical process known as
combustion, it is frequently defined
as a rapid oxidation of combustible
material accompanied by a release
of energy in the form of heat and
light.
FLASHPOINT TEMPERATURE
Is a temperature at which a
material is sufficiently to
support combustion
Three (3) Elements of Fire

1) Heat
2) Fuel
3) Oxygen
HEAT - Form of Energy that
raises temperature, measured
in degrees to signify intensity.
Sources of Heat:
a) Open Flames
b) Hot Surfaces
c) Sparks and Arcs
d) Friction – Chemical Reaction
e) Electrical Energy
f) Mechanical Energy
g) Compression of Gases
FUEL
• Any material capable of producing
vapors and burns

THREE (3) TYPES OF FUEL

1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
 TYPES OF FUEL
GASES LIQUIDS SOLIDS

Natural Gas Gasoline Wood

Propane Turpentine Paper

Butane Alcohol Coal

Acetylene Kerosene Plastic

 OXYGEN
• All substances needs Oxygen to
burn
• Twenty One percent (21%) of our
atmosphere is composed of
oxygen
 TRIANGLE OF FIRE

HEAT OXYGEN

FUEL
Note: All of these three elements of fire should combine in the
right mixture in order for a fire to occur.
TETRAHEDRON
OXYGEN
HEAT
CHEMICAL
CHAIN
REACTION

FUEL
 Four Products of Combustion
( Hazards of Fire )
1) HEAT – is the product of combustion
responsible for the spread of fire.
2) FLAME – the luminous visible
body of a burning gas.
3) SMOKE 4) FIRE GASES
 QUEZON CITY

18 AUGUST 2001
75 persons killed
19 persons injured
P 12M in damages
 HEAT TRANSFER PRINCIPLE

Law of
Heat Flow
from a hot substance
substance
1) Conduction

2) Convection

3) Radiation

4) Direct Flame Contact

 CONDUCTION
Transfer of Heat thru a medium
Metal Rod
 CONVECTION
Transfer of Heat thru the movement of air and liquid

Heat
 RADIATION
Radiated Heat will travel in an open space until it
reaches an opaque object.

Radiated Heat
RADIATION

Radiant Heat
 (The beginning of fire)

Oxygen content in the air has not been

reduced (21%)
Oxygen rich air is drawn to the flame, as the
heated air rises, the heat is carried to the
uppermost regions, this heated gas will spread
laterally causing cooler air to seek lower levels.
1ft. BREATHABLE AIR
FLASHOVER
-Little or no flame is visible.
-Flame may cease to exist if the area is sufficiently
airtight.
-Oxygen content is below 15%.
BACKDRAFT
Smoke explosion through the
sudden introduction of air.
Improper ventilation during fire fighting operations may result in a backdraft.
BACKDRAFT
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
• Fires are classified according to
the type of material which is
involved in the fire.
1) Class A
2) Class B
3) Class C
4) Class D
5) Class K
 CLASS A
Ordinary Combustible Material

Ex: Wood, Paper, Cloth,

Plastic, Rubber, etc.
 CLAS S B
Flammable/Combus tible
Liquids and Gas es

E x: Gasoline and All Petroleum

P roducts
 CLAS S C
Energized Electrical Equipment

E x: E lectric motor, Flat iron,

Generator, etc.
 CLAS S D
Combus tible Metals

E x: Aluminum, Copper,
Magnesium, Zinc,
Titanium, etc.
1. Cooling (Temperature Reduction)

2. Smothering/Blanketing (Oxygen Removal)

3. Starving (Fuel Removal)

4. Inhibition of Chemical Chain Reaction

 1.) EXTINGUISHMENT BY REDUCTION OF HEAT
example: wood, paper, cloth, plastics, rubber (COOLING METHOD)

COOLING BLANKETING STARVING

2.) EXTINGUISHMENT BY OXYGEN REMOVAL
(BLANKETING/SMOTHERING)
example: gasoline and all petroleum products
3.) EXTINGUISHMENT BY FUEL REMOVAL
BLANKETING STARVING
(STARVING)

example: electric motor, flat iron

De-energize first, then treat as an ordinary fire

example: magnesium, potassium, zinc, titanium

STARVING
WORLD TRADE CENTER
11 September 2001
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

It is made of cylindrical tank that

contains extinguishing agent used
for emergency purposes.
 TWO TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

1. Cartridge type
A fire extinguisher in which the
expellant gas is in a separate container
from the agent storage container.

2. Stored-pressure type
A fire extinguisher in which both
the extinguishing agent and expellant
gas are kept in a single container, and
includes a pressure indicator or gauge.
SIZES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

• 5 lbs • 50 lbs
• 10 lbs • 100 lbs (WHEELED TYPE)

• 15 lbs • 200 lbs

• 20 lbs
PARTS OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Lever
Safety Pin

Handle
Pressure
gauge

Label
Hose

Nozzle Cylinder
Cross-Sectional View
 A “TAG” should show the
date and signature of the
person performing the
service.
 Down
Pressure
gage

Check for low pressure

Pressure Gage
POINTER
Keep nozzle clean
Watch for corrosion
 Be located along normal paths
of travel.
 Not to be obstructed or
obscured from view.
 Not to be mounted higher than
5’ (1.5m.) to the top of the
extinguisher if they weigh 40
lbs (18kg.) or less. But heavier,
not more than 3.5’ (1m.).
 How to use Fire Extinguisher
(PASS)

1. PULL the pin.

2. AIM the Nozzle at the base of fire.

3. SQUEEZE the lever.

4. SWEEP the nozzle side to side.

 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
CLASSES COLOR OF METHODS OF
KINDS AGENT OF FIRE CYLINDER EXTINGUISHMENT

1. DRY CHEMICAL Mono Ammonium ABC Red Inhibition of Chem.

(Powdered Type) Phosphate Chain Reaction

2. HCFC 123 Hydro Chloro ABC Green Inhibition of Chem.

(Clean Agent) Fluoro Carbon Chain Reaction

3. AFFF Aqueous Film Smothering/

AB Blue Blanketing
(Water Base) Forming Foam
Cooling

Smothering/
4. CO2 Carbon Dioxide BC Red Blanketing

Air Pressurized A Stainless or Cooling

5. APW (H2o) water Silver
NOZZLE – is a device use to direct, control
and shape the fire stream.

FIRE STREAM - is a volume of

water in motion as it leaves at the tip
of the nozzle.
 KINDS OF FIRE STREAM

Solid Full-fog

Semi-fog
SOLID

SEMI-FOG

FULL-FOG
 TYPES OF NOZZLES

Straight Gun Type

Nozzle (Mystery Nozzle)

Variable
Nozzle
FIRE HOSE – is a flexible tube used by the
firefighters to carry under pressure
water from the point of origin to
the place where it is discharge.

Types of Fire Hose

a. Single Jacket
b. Double Jacket

SIZES
1 ½” x 50‘ 2 ½” x 50’
1 ½” x 100’ 2 ½” x 100’
 Coupling
Male Female
 PARTS OF COUPLING

MALE FEMALE
Rocker lugs on Shank Swivel Rocker lugs on
Swivel

Male Shank Female

Shank
 Hose Loads
1. Single Donut
2. Double Donut
3. Accordion load
4. Butterfly Load
RESCUE - is an immediate transfer of
a victim from an unsafe
place to a place of safety
where proper medical
attention can be
administered.
Methods of transfer will depend upon the
following:
• Nature and severity of the injury.
• Size of the victim.
• Physical capabilities of the rescuer.
• Number of personnel and equipment
available.
• Nature of evacuation route.
• Sex of the victim.
 Basic Transfer Carries
ONE MAN TWO MAN
1. Assist to Walk 1. Assist to Walk
2. Carry in Arms (Lover’s Carry) 2. Four-hand Seat
3. Pack Strap 3. Hands as a Litter
4. Pick-a-back 4. Chair as a Litter
5. Fireman’s Carry 5. Carry by Extremities

THREE MAN DRAG

1. In-line Carry 1. Blanket Drag
(Bearer’s along side) 2. Fireman’s Drag
2. Hammock Carry
ONE MAN CARRY
Assist to Walk
Carry in arms or
Lover’s Carry
Pick-a-back
Fireman’s Carry
TWO MAN CARRY
Assist to
Walk
Four-hand
Seat
Hands as a
Litter
 Carry by
Extremities
Chair as a
Litter
THREE MAN CARRY
 In-line Carry
1.
3.

2
.
Hammock Carry
DRAG
Blanket Drag
Fireman’s Drag
 We will risk our lives a lot, in a calculated
manner to save SAVABLE LIVES.

We will risk our lives a little, in a calculated

manner to save SAVABLE PROPERTY.

We will not risk our lives at all for lives or

property that are already LOST.

THANK YOU