SWITCHED MODE

POWER SUPPLY
(SMPS)
Presented by,

L.S LEKSHMI
POWER SUPPLY

Any device that supplies electric power to an electric load.

DIFFERENT TYPES:
● Battery
● AC
● DC
● Linear regulated
● Switched mode
● Programmable
● Uninterruptable
 SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY

● An electrical power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to

convert electrical power efficiently.
● It transfers power from a SOURCE to a LOAD, while converting
voltage and current characteristics.
● Voltage regulation is achieved by varying the ratio of on-to-off time.
● The SMPS system is highly reliable, efficient, noiseless and compact
because the switching is done at very high rate in the order of several
KHz to MHz.
● The SMPS regulators are used to provide regulated voltage for various
equipments like PC, CFL, TV, etc.
 ADVANTAGES OVER DIS ADVANTAGES
LINEAR POWER SUPPLY

1. Lower weight
2. Smaller size
3. Higher efficiency 1. Complexity of the circuit
4. Low power dissipation
5. Wide AC input voltage range
6. Reduced costs
BLOCK DIAGRAM
INPUT RECTIFIER STAGE:
It is used to convert an ac input to dc. A SMPS with dc input does not
require this stage. The rectifier produces unregulated dc which is then
passed through the filter circuit.
INVERTER STAGE: –
The inverter stage converts DC, whether directly from the input or from the
rectifier stage described above, to AC by running it through a power oscillator,
whose output transformer is very small with few windings at a frequency of
tens or hundreds of kilohertz.
OUTPUT TRANSFORMER: -
If the output required is to be isolated from input, the inverted AC is used to drive
the primary windings of a high frequency transformer.
This converts the voltage up or down to the required output level on it’s secondary
winding.
OUTPUT RECTIFIER: -
If the dc output is required, the ac output from the transformer is rectified.

REGULATION: -
Feedback circuit monitors the output voltage and compares it with the reference
voltage.
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE SELECTING
A TOPOLOGY FOR A PARTICULAR APPLICATION:-

1. Is input-to-output dielectric isolation required for the application?

2. Are multiple outputs required?
3. Does the prospective topology place a reasonable voltage stress
across the voltage semiconductors?
4. Does the prospective topology place a reasonable current stress across
the voltage semiconductors?
5. How much of the input voltage is placed across the primary
transformer winding or inductor?
TYPICAL MAXIMUM OUTPUT POWER
AVAILABLE FROM EACH TOPOLOGY
USE OF NON-ISOLATED TOPOLOGIES:
• Non isolated topologies are the simplest, with the three basic types using a single
inductor for energy storage.
WORKING OF VARIOUS SMPS TOPOLOGIES:

1. FLYBACK CONVERTER:
MODE 1 OPERATION
Q1 ON
• Current builds up in the primary winding
• Secondary winding has the opposite polarity D1 OFF
• C maintains the output voltage, supplies load current
MODE 2 OPERATION
Q1 TURNED OFF
• Polarity of the windings reverses
• Diode D1 conducts, charging C and providing current to the load RL
• Secondary current falls to 0 before the next cycle begins
WAVEFORM
2. PUSH-PULL COVERTER
 OPERATION

• Q1 ON, Vs across the lower primary winding

• Q2 ON, Vs across the upper primary winding
3.HALF-BRIDGE CONVERTER:
MODE 1 OPERATION
• Q1 ON, D1 is conducting
• Energy transferred to the load
MODE 2 OPERATION
• Both transistors are OFF
• D1 continues to conduct due to current in L1
MODE 3 OPERATION:
• Q2 ON, D2 conducting
• Energy transferred to the load
MODE 4 OPERATION
• Both transistors OFF
• D2 continues to conduct due to current in L1
WAVEFORM
FULL-BRIDGE CONVERTER:
MODE 1 OPERATION
• Q1,Q4 ON, Q2,Q3 OFF
• D1 conducting, energy transferred to the load
MODE 2 OPERATION
• All transistors are OFF
• D1 continues to conduct due to current in L1
MODE 3 OPERATION
• Q2,Q3 are ON, Q1,Q4 OFF
• D2 conducting, energy transferred to the load
MODE 4 OPERATION
• All transistors are OFF
• D2 continues to conduct due to current in L1
WAVEFORM
APPLICATIONS OF SMPS

1. Machine tool industries

• 2. Security Systems (Closed circuit cameras)
• 3. Support supplies with PLC’s
• 4. Personal Computers
• 5. Mobile Phone chargers
CONCLUSION

• The most common SMPS topologies: flyback, push-pull, half bridge

and full bridge converters have been outlined.
• Each has it’s own particular operating characteristics and advantages,
which makes it suitable to particular applications
THANK YOU !