SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT
Group 1
HISTORY OF SOLID
WASTE
Janna Keziah Gamban
The Rise (Early
1991 – Mid 1992)
• marked an important
transition in Metro Manila
waste disposal.
• Smokey Mountain
• World Bank-financed 73-
hectare (ha) regional
sanitary landfill facility
opened in San Mateo,
Rizal.
• 1992; opening of the 65-
ha Carmona regional
sanitary landfill in Cavite
The Decline (Mid 1992 – Late 1997)
◦ operations at San Mateo and Carmona progressively impacted
local communities
◦ . Public opposition mounted.
◦ Disposal operations continued at the ever-growing Payatas and
Catmon dump sites
◦ Doña Petra dump site in Marikina, and the C4 dump site in
Navotas.
◦ Dumping activities commenced at the Lupang Arenda dump
site on the north shore of Laguna de Bay.
Prelude to Crisis
(Late 1997 – Late
1999)
• In early 1998, heightened
public opposition forced the
suspension of operations at
Carmona
• increasing pressure on San
Mateo and major dump sites to
accommodate the additional
waste
• Lingunan dump site in
Valenzuela; the stockpiling of
waste at Pier 18
• passage of the Clean Air Act
The Crisis (Late
1999 – Early
2001)
• forced suspension of
operations of the San Mateo
sanitary landfill; 1999
• near-catastrophic collapse;
severe public health risks
• Dumping at the existing sites
was accelerated
• barge waste to Bataan to the
northwest and Semirara Island
to the south
• Uncontrolled dumping at the
Payatas dump site led to a
catastrophic waste mass
failure; 2000
The Aftermath
(Early 2001 –
Present)
• additional controlled
dump sites have been
developed
• Rodriguez disposal
facility in Montalban
• Tanza facility in Navotas
• RA 9003 was also
enacted during this time
Key Components of Solid Waste Management
◦Generation
◦Storage
◦Collection
◦Transportation
◦Disposal
What are its associated risks?
◦Disease transmission
◦Pollution
◦Effect on morale
Disease Transmission
◦ Decomposing organic waste attracts
animals, vermin and flies
◦ Flies may play a major role in the
transmission of faecal-oral diseases,
particularly where domestic waste contains
faeces
◦ Rodents may increase the transmission of
diseases such as leptospirosis and salmonella
and attract snakes to waste heaps
Pollution
◦ Poor management of the collection
and disposal of solid waste may lead to
leachate pollution of surface water or
groundwater.
◦ This may cause significant problems if
the waste contains toxic substances, or
if nearby water sources are used for
water supplies
Effect on Morale
◦ Waste attracts more waste and leads
to less hygienic behavior in general.
◦ The effect of living in an
unhygienic and untidy environment
may lead people to become
demoralized and less motivated to
improve conditions around them
Sources of Solid Wastes
1. Medical centers
2. Food stores
3. Feeding centers
4. Food distribution points
5. Slaughter areas
6. Warehouses
7. Agency premises
8. Markets
9. Domestic areas
Health care wastes

◦ General wastes ◦ Cytostatic drugs

◦ Infectious wastes ◦ Chemical wastes
◦ Pathological wastes ◦ Waste with high content of
heavy metals
◦ Sharps
◦ Pressurized containers
◦ Pharmaceutical wastes
◦ Radioactive waste
◦ Genotoxic wastes
◦ Cytotoxic waste
Health care
waste
segregation
Health care
waste
segregation
Health care
waste
segregation
Health care
waste
segregation
Color coding scheme for containers
Collection of health care wastes
DUMPSITES &
LANDFILLS
Maria Erika May Cabotage
What is a
DUMPSITE?
• a land disposal site at
which solid wastes are
disposed of in a manner
that does not protect
the environment, are
susceptible
to open burning, and
are exposed to the
elements, vectors, and
scavengers
What is a
LANDFILL?
a carefully designed and
monitored structure that
isolates trash from the
surrounding environment
(e.g., groundwater, air,
rain). This isolation is
accomplished with the use
of a bottom liner and daily
covering of soil.
MAIN TYPES OF A
LANDFILL
Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
◦ A highly engineered, state permitted disposal
facility where municipal solid waste (non-
hazardous waste generated from single family and
multi-family residences, hotels , and the like
including commercial and industrial waste) may be
disposed of for long-term care and monitoring. All
modern MSW landfills must meet or exceed
federal subtitle D regulations to ensure
environmentally safe and secure disposal facilities.
Construction and Demolition Landfill
◦ Construction and demolition (C&D) debris
refers to materials produced in the process of
construction, renovation and/or demolition of
structures, where structures include debris
typically includes concrete, asphalt, wood,
gypsum wallboard, paper, glass, rubble, and
roofing materials. Land clearing debris, such as
stumps, rocks, and dirt are also included in
some state definitions. C&D debris landfills are
classified as non-hazardous and are regulated by
states and local governments.
Inert Landfill
◦ Inert material consists of earth and
earth-like products, concrete, cured
asphalt, rock, bricks, yard
trimmings, and land clearing debris
such as stumps, limbs and leaves.
These materials, depending on the
state's definition, are allowable by
law to be disposed of in inert
landfills.
 ◦ Bottom liner system - separates trash and
subsequent leachate from groundwater
Parts of a Landfill ◦ Cells (old and new) - where the trash is stored
within the landfill
◦ Storm water drainage system - collects rain
water that falls on the landfill
◦ Leachate collection system - collects water
that has percolated through the landfill itself
and contains contaminating substances
(leachate)
◦ Methane collection system - collects methane
gas that is formed during the breakdown of
trash
◦ Covering or cap - seals off the top of the
landfill
Anatomy of a Landfill
HOW TO PREPARE A
LANDFILL?
*INSERT VIDEO*
Difference between
Landfills
◦ A landfill is also an excavated piece of land for
waste storage but it is regulated by the government.
◦ Has leachate collection and treatment systems.
◦ A landfill has a liner at the bottom to catch the
liquid produced by solid waste.
◦ Landfills are covered daily with soil to deter pests
and prevent bad smells from being released into the
air.
◦ Landfills might produce toxic gases which are
released into the air and ground because the waste
materials cannot rot.
Dumpsites
◦ A dump is an excavated piece of land used as
storage for waste materials.
◦ Smaller than a landfill.
◦ Does not have a liner at the bottom to catch the
liquid produced by solid waste.
◦ Dumps may be covered or not because it is not
regulated.
◦ Dumps are hazards because they can be located
anywhere.
Incineration
◦ Incineration is a waste treatment
process that involves the combustion
of organic substances contained in
waste materials. Incineration and other
high-temperature waste treatment
systems are described as "thermal
treatment". Incineration of waste
materials converts the waste into ash,
flue gas and heat.
Incineration
Process
Incineration Ban in the Philippines
The waste incineration ban is enshrined in the
Clean Air Act (Republic Act No. 8749) and is
supported by the Solid Waste Management Act
(RA 9003). At present, lobbies in Congress and
the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, fueled by industry field trips to
“model” WTE facilities in other countries, is
out to repeal the ban.

The Philippines’ incineration ban is the first

and only one of its kind in the world. Current
global developments are proving that it is
indeed a visionary law.
Incineration Ban in the Philippines
The waste incineration ban is enshrined in the
Clean Air Act (Republic Act No. 8749) and is
supported by the Solid Waste Management Act
(RA 9003). At present, lobbies in Congress and
the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, fueled by industry field trips to
“model” WTE facilities in other countries, is
out to repeal the ban.

The Philippines’ incineration ban is the first

and only one of its kind in the world. Current
global developments are proving that it is
indeed a visionary law.
Incineration Ban in the Philippines
Incineration, including so-called "waste-to-energy" (WTE)
incineration facilities (i.e. burning waste to produce
electricity), is neither a good way to manage waste nor to
produce electricity.
In fact, it is proven to be the most expensive, most
polluting, most energy intensive and most inefficient way
to manage waste and generate electricity:
1. Incineration is a major source of cancerous
dioxins and furans, which are regulated under an
international treaty, the Stockholm Convention on
Persistent Organic Pollutants; and
2. It is also the most expensive way to produce
electricity--WTE facilities cost more to construct and
operate than coal or nuclear plants.
Cremation
◦ Cremation is a method of final
disposition of a dead body through
burning. Cremation may serve as a
funeral or post-funeral rite and as an
alternative to the burial or interment of
an intact dead body. In some countries,
including India and Nepal, cremation
on an open-air pyre is an ancient
tradition.
Cremation in the Philippines
◦ Cremation is permitted by local law with the
consent of the decedent’s relatives. Crematoriums
are mostly located in Metro Manila. However, there
are a few cremation facilities located in other major
cities/provinces in the Philippines such as
Pampanga, Zambales, Cebu, Iloilo, Davao, Cagayan
de Oro, Tarlac, Baguio, etc. Remains cannot be
cremated without a Philippine death certificate.
Cremated remains must be reduced to the size of
fine sand or ashes and packed in an urn or
cremains container before they are turned over to
the relatives of the deceased.
Cremation in the Philippines
◦ Drawing heavily from the Catholic faith,
many Filipinos do not practice cremation
as they believe that the body must remain
intact in order to fulfill and prepare for the
resurrection of the dead. Filipinos claimed
that cremation must not be observed due
to the Catholic church banning this
practice, however as early as 1963 the ban
was lifted and this point was emphasized in
the 1983 revised Canon Law.
 LANDFILLS AND
DUMPSITES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Ayla Marie Catudio
 How many landfills and dumpsites are
there in the Philippines?

As of 2016, the Philippines have:

403 108 118

Dumpsites Controlled Sanitary
Dumpsites Landfills
DUMPSITES A piece of land where waste materials are dumped.

Payatas Dumpsite Smokey Mountain

CONTROLLED DUMPSITES

◦ Disposal sites at which solid waste is deposited in accordance with the

minimum prescribed standards of site operation.

Catmon, Malabon Pulang Lupa, Las Piñas

Lingunan, Valenzuela Dona Petra, Marikina
Catmon, Malabon City
Opened in 1986, reportedly filling over an area
of fishponds.
◦ Area subject to flooding, being within the
Tenejeros River delta.
◦ Waste piles are irregular in shape. Cumulative
area estimated at 5-hectares.
◦ Surrounded by high-density residential and
industrial development.
◦ Exclusively for Malabon waste. Estimated
daily waste import is 190 tonnes.
Lingunan, Valenzuela City
◦ A large, 13-hectare facility, adjacent to the
flood-prone convergence area of three
waterways, which floods frequently.
Exclusively for Valenzuela waste.
◦ In 2006, the controlled dumpsite was
closed per MMDA order in 2003 and was
subsequently converted into a sanitary
landfill as directed by RA 9003.
Pulang Lupa,
Las Piñas
A 3-hectare site, bounded to the east,
north and west by the Ilog Bayan
Creek. Exclusively for Las Pinas
waste.
Principally surrounded by residential
development. Commenced
operations in early 2002.
Reportedly imports 200 tonnes per
day. Single waste pile assumed to be
approximately 4 meters thick. Site is
privately owned.
Site photographs prohibited.
Doña Petra, Marikina City
◦ A 2-hectare facility, adjacent to the Marikina River.
Exclusively for Marikina waste. Opened in 1994.
Reported to previously be a flooded quarry.
◦ Comprises a single waste pile, of height up to 10
meters from the existing surface level.
◦ Surrounded by residential development to the
north and east, and agricultural areas to the west
and south.
◦ Site includes a waste segregation and recycling
system, including a conveyor. The site is in the
process of being closed.
SANITARY LANDFILLS
◦ Waste disposal sites designed, constructed, operated and maintained in a manner
that exert engineering control over significant potential environment impacts
arising from the development and operation of the facility (RA 9003).

Bataan Davao
Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) revealed in its report on
Commision on Audit (COA), at the rate the metropolis is generating trash, the
following landfills will be unusable by the following years:

◦ Quezon City Sanitary Land Fill – 2021

◦ Navotas Sanitary Land Fill – 2026

◦ Rizal Provincial Sanitary Land Fill - 2037

WHAT HAPPENED TO
THE
AFOREMENTIONED
LANDFILLS
Ayla Marie Catudio
Cases of landfills in metro manila

◦Wacuman Inc.
◦ 2007, helm of the landfill at the mountainous property
◦ Barangay Paradise III in San Jose del Monte to Sitio Tiakad,
Barangay San Mateo in Norzagaray
◦ dream dump, patterned after the famous clean and green sanitary
landfills in Canada
◦ Inverted Pyramid Style; is an inverted pyramid with an estimated
depth of 60 meters.
Wacuman Inc. (Cont.)

◦ least 10 years to fill up the 18.8-hectare (ha.) landfill that was

facing development
◦in line with the government’s policy, Act No. 9003, or the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, to ensure
public health and protection of the environment.
◦Exploded in August 2017
Wacuman Inc. (Cont.)

Istrabiyal river in san jose del monte bulacan

Catmon Controlled Dumpsite

◦City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO)

◦The safe closure and rehabilitation plan has been initially
implemented at the 3.2 hectares portion of the dumpsite.
The perimeter fence at the east side portion of the CDF is
completed. The access road was already established.
Doña Petra CDF

◦City Environmental Mgnt. Office (CEMO)

◦The implementation of the safe closure and
rehabilitation was not yet implemented. The CDF was
noted free of garbage. The whole area is covered with
trees, grass and shrubs.
Doña Petra CDF
Lingunan CDF

◦ Valenzuela City Waste Management Office (WMO)

◦ The entire area (15 hectares) is almost covered with green grasses and
small tress. The northern and eastern side of the CDF is surrounded
with rip-rap. CDF is being utilized as Temporary Garbage Transfer
Station (GTS) operated by ISWIMS, Inc.
Lingunan CDF
Pulang Lupa CDF

◦ Las Pinas Environmental Sanitation Center (ESC)

◦ Excavation was made by DPWH to give way to the C-5 extension
project connecting Coastal Road.
Pulang Lupa CDF
ALL ABOUT PAYATAS
John Allen Gagap
Payatas

Payatas is located in
the northeast portion
of Quezon City. It is
bounded by the La
Mesa Reservoir,
Bagong Silangan,
Commonwealth and
Batasan Hills.
Payatas
◦ The name Payatas derived from the word "payat sa taas” (lit. thin
at the top), which means the soil located in the upper part
of Tullahan River is not good for planting rice.
◦ Payatas has been known as the solid waste dumpsite in Quezon
City. Before, it is a garbage disposal site open to all; but due to
the 2000 Payatas tragedy, it is now catering only to its mother
city’s use.
Locational Map of Payatas
Payatas Dumpsite (Second Smokey Mountain)

◦The Payatas dumpsite is a former garbage dump in the

barangay of the same name in Quezon City, Metro Manila.
◦The Payatas dumpsite, established in the 1970s, used to be
an open dumpsite.
◦The area used to be a ravine that was surrounded by
farming villages and rice paddies.
The Payatas dumpsite is divided into two sites –
the old and the new
◦The 11-hectare “old site” started operating in 1973
but was closed due to the ten-year old trash slide
incident.

◦Currently, it is the 9.7-hectare “new site” which serves

as the active disposal facility of the City
Payatas “New
Site” Profile
The PAYATAS Dumpsite:
NEW SITE
Area: 9.70 hectare
Waste Intake: 7,000 cum./day
Average Wt.: 1,402 TPD
Per Capita Generation:
0.550kg/P/D
Waste Density: 210 kg./Cum.
Ave. Daily Truck Trips: 500
trips/day
WHAT HAPPENED TO
PAYATAS DUMPSITE?
PAYATAS Tragedy
◦ In July 10, 2000, the Payatas landslide caused by a collapse of garbage
dump in the area caused the deaths of 232 people residing within the
landfill.
◦ A large pile of garbage first collapsed and then went up in flames which
resulted in the destruction of about 100 squatters' houses.
◦ To make the situation worse, the methane gas emanating from the huge pile
caused instantaneous combustion and fire, inflicting burns and inhalation
problems.
Payatas tragedy

◦It prompted the passage of Republic Act No. 9003 or the

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
◦The dumpsite was momentarily closed, but was soon
reopened due to the lack of alternatives for a waste
disposal area in the NCR, it was then limited to the use of
Quezon City.
History of PAYATAS Dumpsite
Payatas Landfill Closure
◦ In 2004, the landfill was reorganized as a controlled disposal facility but
was closed in December 2010.
◦ A separate landfill with stricter waste management policy was established
nearby the old open dumpsite in January 2011. Garbage in the dumpsite
was dumped on a layer of tarpaulin to prevent seepage of leachate to the
groundwater.
◦ The dumpsite closed in December 2017 following the Environmental
Management Bureau order
 CONNECTION OF
BALARA FILTRATION TO
PAYATAS
The distribution network of the East Zone is generally
the part of the MWSS network supplied by the Balara
Water Treatment Plants 1 and 2.
Balara Treatment Plant 1 Balara Treatment Plant 2
Negative impact

◦ Water and air pollution from the dumpsite can affect even areas
far from QC.
◦ Waste effluents seep into the water table, possibly finding their
way to the La Mesa Dam and Balara Filtration System, which
provides their drinking water.
◦ They can suffer from colds, cough, skin problems and asthma.
Payatas Landfill Transformation Program:
A Component of the City’s Comprehensive
Development Plan
◦ The Quezon City Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) recognizes the
compelling need to prioritize, among others, the conversion of the Payatas
dumpsite into a more environmentally sustainable disposal site due to its
possible negative impacts to its residents and the adjacent La Mesa Dam.
◦ It is about two kilometers from the La Mesa Watershed and Eco-Park, an
ecological nature reserve in Quezon City which forms part of the Angat-
Ipo-La Mesa water system that supplies most of the water supply of Metro
Manila.
 Improvements

◦ Slope Improvement

◦ Soil Covering and Compaction

◦ Greening of Slopes

◦ Improve Drainage System

CONSERVATION OF
ENERGY IN PAYATAS
Methane Recovery in Payatas:
The Biogas Emission Reduction Project

◦ The Biogas Emission Reduction Project of Quezon City is the

first registered Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) initiative
under the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change in solid waste management, not
only in the Philippines but in Southeast Asia as well.
Kyoto Protocol

◦an international agreement that sets binding targets

for 37 industrialized countries and the European
community for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions.
PANGEA GREEN ENERGY

• is a company based in Italy; an industrialized country party to

the Kyoto Protocol.
• They conducted the feasibility study for the Methane Extraction
Project of Payatas during its planning stage.
• They were, as well, responsible for the design, construction,
commissioning and operation of the Biogas Plant.
◦ A waste-to-energy biogas plant in Payatas has been upgraded to help it
produce an average of 750 kilowatts of power from methane gas from
the landfill there.
◦ The plant, run by Pangea Green Energy, sells electricity to the Manila
Electric Company (MERALCO), provides local employment, and also
supplies power to streetlights in the area as well as to a “Plantsahan ng
Bayan”, where residents can do their ironing for free.
◦ Power from the plant saves the Quezon City government around P2
million a year in power costs.
PROJECT BENEFITS

ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNITY

◦Environment Quality ◦Free Supply of

Improvement Electricity
◦Energy Efficiency ◦Community Based-
Development
MEMORANDUM OF
AGREEMENT IN
PAYATAS
Memorandum of agreement

◦ On February 14, 2007, the Quezon

City Government signed a 10-year
period Memorandum of Agreement
with an Italian company along with
its Philippine counterpart, which is
the Pangea Green Energy, Inc.
Memorandum of agreement
◦ Generally, the MOA provides for the full autonomy of Pangea in carrying
out its functions to achieve the following Project objectives:
◦ Address the environment, health and safety concerns of the local government of
Quezon City for its constituents, particularly those residing in the immediate
surroundings of the Facility.
◦ Promote the application of appropriate technology and know-how for the extraction,
collection and processing of biogas from solid urban wastes
◦ Demonstrate its environmental, social and economic benefits.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF QUEZON CITY

◦Control and jurisdiction over the project site

◦Management of Quezon City Controlled Disposal Facility
through the Payatas Operations Group
◦Governing body with authority over the operation of the
Quezon City Controlled Disposal Facility through their
agreement with IPM Environmental Services Inc.
PANGEA GREEN ENERGY

◦ Project Development ◦ Financing

◦ Feasibility Study ◦ 100 percent of the Project Cost
◦ Local Authorization
◦ Registration as a CMD Project
◦ Implementation
◦ Design and Construction
◦ Testing and Commissioning
◦ Operation and Maintenance
 AFTER NEARLY 20 YEARS,
COURT FINDS QUEZON CITY
LIABLE FOR PAYATAS TRAGEDY
◦ The Quezon City Regional Trial Court Branch 97, in a 133-page decision, said
the Quezon City government’s negligence was the proximate cause of the
Payatas trash slide.

◦ October 30 - Acting Presiding Judge Marilou Runes-Tamang said:

"The negligence of the city government of Quezon City in failing to maintain an
adequate and suitable facility for solid waste disposal, as well as in allowing the
heaps of garbage to rise to such immense height, was the proximate cause of the
loss of lives and properties”
 The court ordered that the QC government pay
plaintiffs, who are the legal heirs of the 56 victims,
the following damages:
◦ 50,000 in temperate damages per deceased victim
◦ P50,000 in moral damages per deceased victim
◦ P10,000 in exemplary or corrective damages per victim
◦ It also ordered the Quezon City government to pay the plaintiffs
P100,000 in attorney’s fees.
MIRIAM COLLEGE
Charie Mae De Mesa
History of Zero-Waste Campaign in Miriam College

◦ Miriam College through Miriam-PEACE (Public Education and Awareness

Campaign for the Environment), the volunteer arm of the ESI, has been
actively involved in forest management since 2004.
◦ 180 hectares of forest land in Barangay Laiban, Tanay, Rizal
◦ “Break free from single-use plastic,” was celebrated from November 12 to
19, 2018
◦ The 2nd Miriam College Conference on Zero-Waste was a follow up to
the 1st conference held last February 2019
Policies in Miriam College

◦ Environmental Studies Institute – integration of

environmental education in all academic units
◦Single-use plastic policy
 ZERO WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Charie Mae De Mesa
Zero waste management
◦ In pursuit of an ecological response to
the solid waste problem, the
Environmental Studies Institute (ESI)
in collaboration with the Department
of Environment conducted a forum
aptly titled, “The Whys and Hows of
Zero-Waste” and launched an Eco-
Bricks Campaign on September 5,
2018.
Zero Waste Management

◦ They explained the rationale behind the

zero-waste paradigm and ways to
integrate it into our daily lives. The
students of the Environmental Planning
and Management demonstrated how to
make eco-bricks and encouraged the
active participation of students in the
campaign.
 Zero-Waste Community
◦ The city of Alaminos in Pangasinan is pioneering zero
waste in the Philippines with an energetic fusion of bottom-up
planning and community participation.

◦ Recently, Alaminos announced a “No-segregation, no-

collection” policy. Residents will receive a warning if their waste
is not separated. After a couple of warnings, their garbage will
no longer be picked up. The city has already seen a noticeable
reduction in the volume of overall waste. The city has
Eco-shed, composting garden, and collection vehicle
considered – but not yet passed – a ban on plastic bags. of Brgy. Sta. Maria, Alaminos, Pangasinan (Photo by:
Anne Larracas)
How to apply Zero-Waste?
 Assess what you accumulate and dispose
of
 Plan ahead.
 Zero-waste requires trial and error
 Not all waste is created equal.
 Support stores that offer refills
 Support stores that offer refills
 We will have moments of weakness, and
that’s okay
How to apply Zero-Waste?
◦ Adopt the Zero Waste definition of the Zero Waste ◦ Develop New Rules and Incentives to move towards
International Alliance Zero Waste
◦ Establish benchmarks and a timeline ◦ Enact Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Rules
◦ Engage the whole community ◦ Remove government subsidies for wasting
◦ Demand decision makers manage resources not ◦ Support Zero Waste Procurement
waste ◦ Expand Zero Waste Infrastructure
◦ Use economic stimulus funds and fees levied on tons ◦ Challenge Businesses to lead the way to Zero Waste
of waste hauled or landfilled
◦ Perform Zero Waste Assessments
◦ Build Residual Separation and Research Facilities
REPUBLIC ACT 9003
Charie Mae De Mesa
Republic Act 9003
◦ 2000
◦ Ecological Solid Waste Management Act was enacted to provide a framework for
managing the growing problem of solid waste in the country
◦ Gives prime importance to the roles of LGUs in managing their respective solid
wastes
Solid Waste Management Board (SWMB)
◦ Prepares Solid Waste Management Plan as
specified under RA 9003
◦ Monitors the implementation of the SWMP in
cooperation with the private sector and NGOs
◦ Adopts revenue generating measures to
promote the viability of SWMP
◦ Recommends measures for the preservation of
the ecosystem, and safeguards against pollution
◦ Suggests ways, such as franchises or Build-
Operate-Transfer (BOT) agreements, for the
collection, transfer, storage, processing,
recycling, or disposal of solid wastes.
◦ In 2004, a total of 103 cities representing 94% of
the total 109 had organized their SWMBs in
accordance with the provisions of RA 9003. Of
this number, however, only 49 cities or 44% had
effective SWMBs.
Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP)

◦ Waste characterization
◦ Proper waste collection and transfer
◦ Waste processing
◦ Waste reduction at source
◦ In 2004, a total of 91 cities or about 85% of the 107 urban centers had
formulated their respective 10-year SWMPs
Implementation Challenges Encountered
◦ Cannot be effectively addressed by most
LGU alone
◦ Most don’t have enough technical and
engineering expertise
◦ Regulatory and enforcement powers with
public education, awareness, and
involvement campaigns are not properly
implemented
◦ It is not fully implemented, accepted, and
institutionalized by the people and
institutions
◦ Doesn’t have strong political will in
implementing what is good for the
environment and the people
◦ Only 2% of the Cities of the entire country
had established a Sanitary Landfills due to
lack of funds
CANADA GARBAGE
ISSUE
Truman Fernandez
What happened to the garbage that comes from
Canada?
◦ According to our President Duterte, tons of garbages will be returned
immediately to Canada. It has been 4 years since first batch of Canadian
shipping containers.
◦ Some of the garbage container vans are dumped at a landfill in Capas,
Tarlac between June and July 2015 despite protests from environmental
groups. BOC and DENR asked the DFA to file a diplomatic protest
against Canada to prevent a repeat of unfortunate incident and to visit
their domestic regulations on the export.
What happened to the garbage that comes from
Canada?
◦ There are still container vans and garbage that are not taken back to Canada but
the Canadian Representative said that they are already in motion collecting their
own garbage in the Philippines. Canada promised to finish the collection before
the end of June 2019.
◦ A foreign ship from Nigeria, M/V Bavaria transported back 69 container vans of
garbage to Vancouver, Canada from Subic Port in the Philippines. Each container
van contains 20 tons of garbage. The garbage is more than 100 container vans
which. The Canadian government is responsible for all the cost of shipment.
How do they transport?
◦ Cargo ship Anna Maersk, which carried 69 containers of Canadian trash
dumped in the Philippines six years ago, according to reports.
◦ Last April, President Duterte directed the Bureau of Customs to return to
Canada containers of garbage sent to the Philippines in 2013 and accused
Ottawa of turning the Philippines into a dumpsite. The Philippine leader
even threatened to go to war if Canada refused to take back the trash,
which were reportedly mislabeled as recyclable plastics.
Why does the Philippines allow it? What is the
agreement between Canada and Philippines.
◦ The garbage was illegally shipped to the Philippines from Canada in 2013 by a
private company. In June to August 2013, a total of 50 container vans arrive in 6
batches at Manila International Container Port (MICP). The vans declared to
contain plastic scraps, shipped by Chronic Plastics Incorporated (CPI), an export
company based in Ontario, Canada. The declared total value for 19 of containers
is P3.9 million. Second, in December 2013 to January 2014, 48 containerl vans
containing household trash arrive in 4 batches. DENR says the Bureau of
Customs should send it back after it was not claimed consignee Live Green
Enterprise.
Third, in January 21, 2014, the Bureau of Customs discovers the garbage when they
open the container vans (18 vans opened by the Bureau contains plastic bags,
newspapers, household garbage, and used adult diapers) as part of procedures on
shipments not claimed for a long period of time. The wastes are identified as
hazardous as per Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste and Control act
of 1990, or RA 6969. The BOC files a smuggling complaint against the company
which apparently imported from Canada to the Philippines on February 20, 2014.
Charges are filed against Adelfa Eduardo, owner of Chronic Plastics and its lincensed
Customs brokers for violating the Toxic Substance and Hazardous Wastes and Nuclear
Wastes Control Act of 1990.
◦ Department of Foreign Affairs sent letters to the Canadian embassy requesting for
shipping the garbage back to Canada by March 2014.
◦ Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
(APEC) summit in November 2015, says “the issue exposed a problem that needs fixing
within our legislation.”
◦ In June 30, 2016, Manila Regional Trial Court Branch 1 ordered the shipping back of the
wastes to Canada at expense of the importer.
◦ The Office of the Ombudsman orders the suspension of DENR Undersecretary Juan
Miguel Cuna in connection with the shipment. The Ombudsman discovers that Cuna “
acted with gross inexcusable negligence when he issued a Registry Certificate in favor of
Chronic Plastics despite the insufficient details in its Importer Registry Sheet.”
◦ Representative of technical groups from DOJ, DENR, DFa, and BOC are formed to
resolve the issue. They meet together in the first quarter of 2019.
◦ Environment group EcoWaste Coalition sent letters to Canada saying
that the presence of Canada’s trash in the country is immoral or illegal.
The shipment of garbage violates the Basel Convention on the Control
of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal.
International
Standards Of
Landfills