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Discovered over 100 years ago åAntimatter is the extension of
An everyday object ± electronics, electricity, the antiparticle to matter,
atomic physics«
Still one of the fundamental µelementary å In antimater positive electron
particles¶ are revolving around negative
Properties known very well: proton can form an antihydrogen
atom
Mass 9.109382« 10-13 kg
Charge -1.6021765« 10-19C å Mixing matter and antimatter
Radius Zero (?) can lead to the annihilation givies
high-energy photons

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1928: Dirac equation unifies †? X
X 
ï
Quantum Mechanics and  ? —
ð
Special Relativity:
  †

 >

Dirac explain the negative energy as the esitance of negative of
electron (Positron)

Anderson, at age 31, In 1932, observed

positrons in a cloud chamber.

The positron can be produced in pair

production.
]Mirror reflection (P): true for gravitational, electromagnetic, and strong
interactions; not true for weak interactions.
]Turning particles into antiparticles + turning antiparticles into particles (C)
+ P: true for all interactions except for a small subset of weak interactions.
]C + P + reversing the direction of time (T): believed to be absolutely true
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] After the 23 years of discovery of positron ,
] Proton are accelerated in a particle accelerator to high speed then it was
bombarded with a tungsten or hard metal it will give antiproton. First
antimater was created in 1996 in CERN by W Oloyt
] It exits for 1/4000 crore of a second. Reasons are it was neutral, it
difficult to control in magnetic field. It can not kept in a container.

Ö 





In 2006, Gerald Smith estimated $250 million could produce 10 milligrams
of positrons.
In 1999 NASA gave a figure of $62.5 trillion per gram of antihydrogen.
According CERN, a few hundred million Swiss Francs to produce about 1
billionth of a gram
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] Antiprotons can be controlled in

magnetic fields
] One method for antiproton storage is
the Penning Trap
] Super cold, vacuumed, electromagnetic
bottle in which charged particles of
antimatter can be suspended
] Capacity = 1 x 1010 antiprotons/week
] Developers believe that 1 x 1020
antiprotons must be stored
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Positron encounters
electron and
µannihilates¶ to 2
photons,

] antimatter-matter collisions
entire rest mass of the particles
] The energy/unit mass
(9×1016 J/kg)
ë
photon emission,
kinetic energy.
10 orders of magnitude of chemical reaction
TNT and formation of water at
1.56×107 J/kg
4 orders of magnitude using nuclear
fission (8×1013 J/kg)
2 orders of magnitude of fusion (about
6.3×1014 J/kg for the proton-proton chain).

] 1 kg of antimatter 1 kg of matter 1.8×1017 J (180

petajoules)
Equivalent of 43 megatons of TNT. For comparison, Tsar Bomba, yield
of 50 megatons, which use of hundreds of kilograms of fissile material
(Uranium/Plutonium).
 

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There are three main components to a matter-
antimatter engine:
Magnetic storage rings, Feed system, Magnetic
rocket nozzle thruster

NASA is developing an
antimatter spacecraft
The millionth of a gram
amount of antimatter
for a one-year trip to
Mars
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] Scientists and Physicists want

to harness this created energy
] Proton-Antiproton reaction
can be controlled by
magnetism
] Beam Core - Direct one to one
annihilation, magnetic fields
focus the energetic charged
pions that are used directly as
the exhausted propellant mass.
These pions travel close to
speed of light so the specific
impulse could be greater than
10,000,000 seconds
 
 
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